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Reading 7.2

Imperialism Debates

TermDefinition
William H. Seward Influential Secretary of State under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson who helped prevent European countries from entering the Civil War and organized the purchase of Alaska from Russia.
Monroe Doctrine United States foreign policy issued by President Monroe, but created by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams that declared the western hemisphere off limits to further European colonization.
Purchase of Alaska Acquisition of a vast northern territory from Russia that was organized by Secretary of State William H. Seward and was initially ridiculed by the American public as “Seward’s Folly.”
Hawaii Pacific islands that were greatly desired by the United States for its great harbors, strategic location in important sea-lanes and rich soil for sugar production.
Pearl Harbor Large natural harbor in Hawaii that the United States greatly valued for strategic economic, political and military reasons, which eventually led to conflict with the Japanese during WWII.
Queen Liliuokalani Hawaiian monarch overthrown by American settlers in response to her reform efforts aimed at helping native Hawaiians.
Grover Cleveland 22nd and 24th President of the United States who opposed American imperialism and blocked Republican efforts to annex Hawaii.
New Imperialism Colonial expansion during the 19th and early 20th centuries adopted by European powers and eventually by Japan and the United States in order to expand economic, political and military power.
Alfred Thayer Mahan U.S. Navy Captain and historian who argued that a strong navy was crucial to maintaining a world power in his influential book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.
Darwinism Belief that Charles Darwin’s ideas of natural selection and survival of the fittest should be applied to humanity in terms of business and the competition between countries.
Expansionists Americans who wanted the United States to acquire territories overseas in order to expand the economic, political and military power of the United States.
Josiah Strong Reverend who believed in Social Darwinism and spread his belief that Protestant Americans had a religious duty to colonize other lands and spread Christianity, American culture and American influence.
James G. Blaine President Benjamin Harrison’s Secretary of State who advanced the ideas of the Monroe Doctrine by establishing the first meeting of the Pan-American Conference in 1889.
Pan-American Conference Meeting in 1889 between the United States and other Western Hemisphere countries that created a permanent organization to promote cooperation on trade and other issues.
Richard Olney President Cleveland’s Secretary of State who used the Monroe Doctrine to successfully insist that Great Britain agree to arbitrate the Venezuela boundary dispute.
Venezuela Boundary Dispute Border crisis between Venezuela and British Guiana that ended because of American diplomacy, which improved American relations with Latin American countries and the British.
Created by: user-1961066
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