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SocPsych Helping
PSY2533 Helping others
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is prosocial behavior? | Actions intended to benefit others |
| What is kin selection? | Preferential helping towards genetic relatives |
| What is reciprocal altruism? | Altruism that involves an individual helping another and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return |
| What is empathy? | Understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual's perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for them |
| What is perspective taking? | Using the power of imagination to try to see the world through someone else's eyes |
| What are the three types of empathy? | Emotional, cognitive, compassionate empathy |
| What is emotional empathy? | The ability to share and feel what another person is feeling |
| What is cognitive empathy? | The ability to intellectually understand another person's perspective without necessarily feeling their emotions |
| What is compassionate empathy? | The need to react and provide help |
| What is the negative state relief model? | People may help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness |
| What is courageous resistance? | Providing sustained and deliberate help in the face of potentially enormous costs |
| What is egoism? | Motivation by desire to improve one's own welfare |
| What is altruism? | Motivation by desire to improve another's welfare |
| What is psychological egoism? | View that humans are always motivated by self-interest and selfishness, even in what seem to be acts of altruism |
| What is the empathy-altruism hypothesis? | Proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping |
| What is the bystander effect? | The effect whereby presence of others inhibits helping |
| What is the first stage of helping? | Noticing |
| What is the second stage of helping? | Interpreting |
| What is the third stage of helping? | Taking responsibility |
| What is the fourth stage of helping? | Deciding how to help |
| What is the fifth stage of helping? | Providing help |
| What is pluralist ignorance? | People in a group may mistakenly think others aren't having the same thoughts or feelings as them. Inhibits help |
| What is diffusion of responsibility? | Belief that others will or should take responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need. Inhibits help |
| What is lack of competence? | Those with life-saving skills are more likely to provide help |
| What is audience inhibition? | Reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers. |
| How does time affect helping? | One in a rush is less likely to notice others may need help or fail to take responsibility |
| What conditions make the bystander effect less likely to occur? | Bystanders know each other, effective helping requires multiple helpers, people feel they will be scorned for not helping |
| How does mood affect helping? | One in a good mood may help to keep their good mood and one helping may gain a good mood. |
| What is social influence? | Increased likeliness to help when being watched or when it is the norm |
| What is reluctant altruism? | Altruistic kinds of behavior that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence |
| About how much of prosocial behavior is attributed to genetic effects? | Between 56-72% |
| What kinds of people are most likely to receive help? | Physically attractive, people in one's ingroup |
| What is identity infusion? | A strong sense of "oneness" and shared identity with a group and its individual members |
| When are men more likely to help? | In dramatic or dangerous situations, in competition |
| When are women more likely to help? | In social support situations |
Created by:
juangon
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