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SocPsych Attraction2
PSY2533 Attraction and relationships
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do interdependency theories assume? | All humans are looking for the most rewards in a relationship with the smallest costs |
| What is social exchange? | When two people enter a relationship and provide each other the benefits and rewards that the other wants |
| What is the net profit or loss of a relationship with another? | Outcome = rewards - costs |
| What is an idiosyncratic comparison level (CL)? | The value of the outcomes that we've come to expect and believe that we deserve in our dealings with others |
| How does one calculate satisfaction from a relationship? | Satisfaction/dissatisfaction = outcomes - comparison level (CL) |
| What is a comparison level for alternatives (CLalt)? | One's perception of how they could be doing in the best alternative partnership |
| What does CLalt dictate? | The lowest levels of outcome one will tolerate from the present partner |
| What determines dependence on a relationship? | Dependence/independence = outcomes - CLalts |
| What are relationship investments? | Things that one would lose if the relationship were to end. Important influence on one's decision to stay or go |
| What factors influence what a person believes their CLalt is? | Self-esteem, access to information, satisfaction in relationship |
| What type of relationship occurs when outcome is higher than CL? | The relationship is happy |
| What type of relationship occurs when outcome is lower than CL? | The relationship is unhappy |
| What type of relationship occurs when outcome is higher than CLalt? | The relationship is stable |
| What type of relationship occurs when outcome is lower than CLalt? | The relationship is unstable |
| What is approach motivation? | Trying to satisfy appetite for desirable experiences |
| What is avoidance motivation? | Trying to avoid costs |
| What is self-expansion model? | One is attracted to partnerships that expand range of interests, skills, and experiences |
| What type of relationship occurs when approach and avoidance goals are met? | Flourishing relationship |
| What type of relationship occurs when approach goals are met but not avoidance? | Precarious relationship |
| What type of relationship occurs when avoidance goals are met but not approach? | Boring relationship |
| What type of relationship occurs when neither approach or avoidance goals are met? | Distressed relationship |
| What is equity theory? | One is most satisfied when there is proportional justice, or benefits match their contributions in a relationship |
| When is there less care for fairness in relationships? | When one is satisfied or being rewarded well |
| What are the three types of commitment? | Personal, constraint, and moral |
| What is personal commitment? | Commitment because of attraction or satisfaction with a partner |
| What is constraint commitment? | Commitment because it would be too costly to leave |
| What is moral commitment? | Commitment because it would be improper to break promises and vows |
| What is the investment model? | People will remain with their partner when they're happy, when there is no better alternative, or when leaving would be too costly |
| What are three common relationship maintenance mechanisms? | Accommodation, willingness to sacrifice, and derogation of tempting alternatives |
| What is accommodation? | Refrain from responding to provocation from partners |
| What is derogation of tempting alternatives? | Judging other potential partners as less attractive than they would seem to be if one were single and unattached |
| What is cognitive interdependence? | Partners of a couple thinking of themselves and their partner as a single entity |
| What are positive illusions in relationships? | Committed partners idealizing each other and perceiving their relationship in the best possible way |
| What is perceied superiority? | Committed partners tend to think that their relationship is better than most |
| What traits are typically associated with men? | Instrumental traits, such as assertiveness, ambition, leadership |
| What are the two key time periods in a marriage where the relationship satisfaction often drops? | 1 year and 8 years |
| What has been the trend of divorce rates? | Divorce rates have gone down from about 35% in the 70-80s to about 30% in 90s. It has never been 50% |
| What factors are strong predictors of divorce? | Education level (less educated), race/ethnicity (Black and Native Americans), remarriages, and gender (women) |
| What are Gottman's Four Horsemen? | Criticsm, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling, |
| What is the antidote for criticsm? | Soft start-up of feelings using "I" |
| What is the antidote for contempt? | Build culture of appreciation |
| What is the antidote for defensiveness? | Accept responsibility |
| What is the antidote for stonewalling? | Physiological self-soothing |
| Why do Gottman's Four Horsemen matter? | They predict divorce with a 93% accuracy |
| How does divorce affect life satisfaction? | Life satisfaction dips (often lowest before divorce) and then rebounds, but never to original levels |
| What is the magic ratio of 5:1? | For every negative interaction, you need to have at least 5 positive interactions to break even. (At least 20 positive to outweigh one negative) |
| What is a repair attempt? | Any statement or action that prevents negativity from escalating out of control |
| What is kitchen sinking? | Bringing up multiple grievances, often off-topic, in rapid succession and without time to address each one |
Created by:
juangon
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