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Reading 6.8

Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age

TermDefinition
Push Factors Negative factors from which immigrants are fleeing such as economic downturns, famines, political unrest and religious persecution.
Pull Factors Positive factors that attract immigrants to a country such as political and religious freedom and economic opportunity.
Old Immigrants Mostly Northern and Western Europeans who arrived in the United States before the 1890s and were mostly welcomed because of their high level of literacy and occupational skills.
New Immigrants Mostly Southern and Eastern Europeans who arrived in the United States after the 1880s and were not welcomed because of their different religions, low literacy rates and poor economic conditions.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Law that specifically banned Chinese immigration to the United States after large numbers of Chinese workers settled in the American West as part of the California Gold Rush.
Streetcar Suburbs Communities of the upper and middle class who moved to new areas along transit routes that led to the urban center in order to escape the pollution, poverty and crime of the city.
Poverty State of having little material possessions or income that was often felt hardest by those living in the industrial urban centers such as new immigrants in ethnic neighborhoods.
Tenement Apartments Poorly constructed and unsanitary inner-city housing that could cram over 4,000 people into one city block and served as housing for poor factory workers.
Dumbbell Tenements Poorly constructed and unsanitary inner-city housing that was split into small rooms with ventilation shafts in the center to provide windows for each room.
Ethnic Neighborhoods Areas of cities where immigrants could maintain their culture and language by cohabitation, but the areas were often characterized by slums and tenement apartments.
Created by: user-1961066
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