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Technological Innovation

TermDefinition
Transatlantic Cable Cyrus W. Field’s improvement of an electronic communication method made it possible to send messages across oceans in minutes and created nearly instantaneous global communication.
Telephone Invention by Alexander Graham Bell that allowed for electronic verbal communication, which eventually surpassed the telegraph in popularity.
Alexander Graham Bell Inventor of the telephone who also was an innovator in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils and aeronautics and later became a founding member of the National Geographic Society.
Eastman’s Kodak Camera Invention which allowed people to take pictures and freeze a moment in time forever in a photograph.
Henry Bessemer Inventor of a new process for making steel that was cheaper and more efficient, which allowed for the industrial mass production of steel.
Thomas Edison American inventor whose inventions include the phonograph and incandescent light bulb, which demonstrated budding innovation and improved standards of living in the United States.
Menlo Park Thomas Edison’s research laboratory in New Jersey, which was the world’s first modern research laboratory and contributed to the concept of mechanics and engineers working collaboratively.
Electric Power Energy source that was utilized by inventors such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse to revolutionize machinery and lighting.
Electric Light Invention that revolutionized life, especially in the cities, by allowing humans to take more advantage of time when it is dark outside.
George Westinghouse Inventor of a transformer for producing high-voltage alternating current that allowed for the lighting of cities and the operation of electric streetcars, subways and electrically powered machinery.
Subways Underground railroads that could transport large numbers of people in urban centers, which were made possible by new inventions such as Westinghouse’s electric transformer.
Brooklyn Bridge Massive steel suspension bridge in New York City that allowed for workers to live farther away from the urban center and also showed the importance of steel in construction.
Skyscraper Tall buildings predominantly built in urban centers that were made possible through the use of steel skeletons, the invention of the elevator and central steam-heating systems with radiators in every room.
Otis Elevator Invention that allowed groups of people to be moved quickly between different floors of a building, which allowed for the building of skyscrapers.
R. H. Macy Creator of a large department store in New York City that expanded with new locations all across the United States.
Large Department Store Businesses such as Macy’s, which had large locations that sold many different consumer products and became popular in urban centers.
Mail-Order Companies Businesses such as Sears, Roebuck & Co. that used the improved rail system to ship a wide variety of products to customers who ordered from their thick catalogs.
Sears, Roebuck & Co. Mail-order company that used the improved rail system to ship a wide variety of products to customers who ordered from their thick catalog, which became known as the “wish book.”
Packaged Foods Manufactured food that was sold ready to make by companies such as Kellogg and Post
Canning Food storage process that allowed meat and vegetable products to be mass produced, stored, transported and sold.
Gustavus Swift Founded a meat-packing empire by developing the first practical ice-cooled railroad car, which allowed his company to ship dressed meats to all parts of the country and even abroad.
Advertising New marketing technique which became its own big business that promoted a consumer economy by encouraging people to buy more products.
Consumer Economy Economic system focused on the consumption of manufactured goods that was encouraged by new mass production inventions and advertising.
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