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AP HUG chapter one
Terms and questions. Based on James M. Rubinstein 13th ed. Text Book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transitional corporation | a cooperation that conducts, researches, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just the one at it's headquarters. |
| Human geography | the study of the location of people and activities across the Earth and the reasons for distribution, the where and why. |
| Two key questions that human geography asks | where and why |
| Regions | areas of unique characteristics, and areas of the earth divided by one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Formal regions (AKA a homogeneous region) | Everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics (language, religion, crop, climate, laws/legal system) Everything is the same/similar. Ex: Williamson county |
| Functional regions (AKA nodal region) | Focused on a node or focal point, think radio station. It's strong at the center and weak at the perimeter. Ex: Lighting 100 |
| Vernacular regions (AKA perceptual region) | A place that people believe exists as a part of their cultural identity. Ex the south |
| Lines of longitude and prime meridian | Imaginary lines that run horizontally along the earth used to dived the earth, create time zones, and find coordinates. The prime meridian is the line of longitude at 0 degrees. These lines (meridians) connect at the north and south poles. |
| Lines of latitude and equator | Imaginary lines that run vertically along the earth used to dived the earth, create time zones, and find coordinates. The eqauter is the line of latitude that runs at 0 degrees. These lines (parallels) never connect. |
| Place | a unique location of a feature |
| Location | the position of something that occupies the earth; a specific point on earth. |
| Toponym | name given to a place on earth, which can reflect environment, history, or ethnicity. Not permanent names, toponyms can change. |
| Site and examples | the physical character of a place; climate, vegetation, topography, soil elevation, etc. It can affect the cultural landscape. Ex: Tennessee’s sight is a multiple seasonal climate with good soil for agriculture and can be very mountainous at times. |
| Situation and examples | the location of a place relative to other places. Helps to find unfamiliar places and explain the importance of the place (depending on what it is relative to). Ex: Tennessee and georgia are close together, so we get our peaches from them. |
| GIS | a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
| GPS and primary use | A global positioning system that creates maps using satellites in predetermined orbits, tracking stations to control them and a receiver that can locate a minimum of 4 satellites and is used to track your own location and find direction |
| Remote sensing | Gathering data about the Earth’s surface using satellites |
| Photogrammetry | taking measurements of the Earth’s surface using photos |
| VGI | creating geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals (citizen science) |
| cartograms | a map where the more of a variable a state/country of the place contains, the larger this state/country becomes |
| Dot distribution | a map that uses dots to display variables |
| Graduated symbols | A map that uses the size of a symbol to resemble the amount of a specific variable within the region represented by the symbol. |
| Isoline | a map divided by lines that separate the area depending on certain variable |
| Map scale | the relationship between the length of an object on a map and its contribution to the landscape |
| Types of map scale (meassuring distance on a map) | is either inration/fraction (1 in=24,000 mi), written scale (1 in=1 mi), or graphic scale (length of bar=x mi) |
| Connection | relationships between things |
| Space | The physical gap between two things |
| Who first used the term geography? | Eratosthenes |
| The origins of geography date back to which ancient civilizations? | China and the middle east |
| Spatial association | similar distribution of distinctive features in a region Identify ex of spatial association of the number of infant mortality rates and number of doctors in africa |
| Cultural ecology | The geographic study of human-environment relationships |
| Gradual language change from one region top another is an example of what type of regions? | Nodal regions |
| Environmental determinism | The physical environment causes social devolpment |
| Possiblism | The physical environment may limit the actions of people, but people can change their environment. |
| Projection | the scientific method of creating a map |
| Cartography | map-making |
| Culture | the body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that constitute the distinct tradition of a group |
| Identity | Grouping is based on gender, ethnicity, nationality, family values, and religion. The things one believes define them and built them. |
| Hearth | The place at which an innovation takes place. |
| Difference between large-scale and small-scale maps | Large scale: high detail, small space; small scale: little detail, large space |
| Map distortions | Shape, Distance, Relative size, Direction |
| Uneven development AKA core and periphery countries | The different levels of development between MDCs and LDCs |
Created by:
chambsar000
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