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Unit 4 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Autonomy | a region or group that is given some level to rule themselves, but not complete power. |
| City-State | a single, independent city that self governs itself and its surrounding territory. |
| Federal State | a country where its power is shared between a central (national) government and smaller state/regional governments. |
| Irredentism | when a country wants to take back land that they believe should originally belong to them, usually because of a shared history, religion, or culture within it. |
| Multinational State | a country with two or more ethnic groups between its borders, often having their own cultures or religions. |
| Nation | a large group of people who are united through shared language, culture, history, or religion. |
| Nation State | a country that’s political borders are the same as the borders as the nation |
| Self-determination | the idea that ethnicities should have the right to choose who and how they want to govern, as well as controlling their future without outside influences. |
| Sovereignty | the legal right of a state or territory to control its own laws, government, and decisions without outside interference. |
| State | an area of land with defined borders, a population, its own government, and the ability to make laws and decisions within its territory. |
| Stateless Nation | a group of people with a shared culture, language, or history but don’t have their own government or independent country. |
| Supranational Organization | an organization with a group of countries working together for a common goal and helping each solve shared problems by following certain rules. |
| Unitary State | a country where the central government holds most of the power, and smaller local governments have little authority. |
| Landlocked State | a country that’s completely surrounded by other countries and isn't touching the ocean. |
| Microstate | a very small country, usually in land size and population |
| Multistate Nation | a nation that lives in more than one country |
| Territoriality | an individual or group attempting to defend resources, land, and people in a certain area. |
| Ethnonationalism | a group of people with a shared ethnicity or culture wants their own nation state that has only their culture and etc. |
| Neocolonialism | when a stronger country tries to control or influence a weaker country’s economy, people, or government, even though that country is already independent. |
| Shatter-belt | regions that are usually politically unstable and caught between stronger countries fighting or trying to control it. |
| Choke Point | a narrow route that is important for trade and large flows of people or goods, and can be easily blocked or controlled to slow down or stop it’s movement |
| Satellite State | a country that’s independent but is controlled, or strongly influenced by a more powerful country, usually politically or militarily. |
| Buffer State | a smaller or less powerful country sitting in the middle of two larger countries and preventing them from more conflict. |
| Reapportionment | when the number of representatives a state has in its government is changed, often because the state shrinks or grows. |
| Gerrymandering | when political boundaries are purposely redrawn to give a political party or group more power in elections. |
| Devolution | when a state with a central government starts to give more power to regional or local governments. |
| Unilateralism | When one country dominates economically, politically, and militarily. Its the most destructive system because every other country is in fear of them. |
| Balkanization | when a state breaks into multiple, smaller states because of ethnic, religious, or cultural disagreements and conflicts. |
| Democratization | the process of a country transitioning to a more democratic government so citizens can have more representation in voting and can help in decisions for the country. |
| United Nations | An international organization with around 193 countries who work together to promote peace, protect human rights, and solve many global problems. It was created after WWll to make sure conflicts like that wouldn’t happen again. |
| NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) | This is a military alliance between North America and Europe to keep each other safe and work together. This was created during the Cold War to promote stability and to agree that if one member is attacked, the other will defend them by fighting back. |
| Arab League | made up of 22 states in the Middle East and North Africa that work together to solve political, economical, and cultural issues. This group was formed in 1945, to promote peace between Arab countries and to help coordinate their goals together. |
| . ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) | formed of countries located in Southeast Asia that work together in order to promote peace, cooperation, and economic growth. It was founded in 1967, and today, they work on strengthening trade, keeping the peace, and helping each other develop. |
| EU (European Union) | This group works together on political and economic issues. They try to promote peace and open borders so trade can move more freely among their member nations. Their main focuses today are shared laws and cooperation across Europe. |
| World Trade Organization | help countries worldwide trade with each other fairly and more efficiently. It also creates a foundation of rules for global trade and helps countries solve disagreements about it too. Smaller countries able to work out deals better with bigger countries |
| Arctic Council | A group indigenous communities and countries that work together to protect the Arctic wildlife and region. They mainly focus on certain environmental issues like keeping the region safe and protected during climate changes and more. |
| African Union | An organization made up of over 50 states all across Africa to help achieve better life, promote peace, and development. They also want to support human rights, help solve conflicts (health, education, security), and improve their economy. |
| OPEC | A group of countries that produce and control large amounts of oil. They work together to decide the amount paid for the oil, which can affect many countries' economies since they rely heavily on this organization. |
| UNCLOS | worldwide agreement about rules on how countries should utilize the oceans, and who controls what. It makes the laws for how far a country's territory expands into the sea, how to protect marine life, and preventing conflict giving rules for ocean rights. |
| Compact State | a state usually shaped circular or square, where the capital or middle point is an equal distance to all sides around. This makes it easy for their government to control the state and people best since they can get to them quicker. |
| Fragmented State | when a country is made up of multiple different pieces of land, which plays a major role in communication and the country's unity. |
| Elongated State | a state that’s developed unevenly since it’s very long and stretched out, which also makes it hard for the government to control and unify the state. |
| Protruded State | When a state has an extra limb (most likely gained through conflict). It's very ripe for invasion and the people that live in that area usually don’t feel as connected. |
| Perforated State | a state that completely surrounds another state. This makes the state in the middle dependent on the other for things like trade and travel. |
| Antecedent Boundary | boundaries that existed before humans (natural landscapes). |
| Subsequent Boundary | a boundary that’s drawn after human settlement that usually represents cultural, historical, or ethnic differences between groups. |
| Consequent Boundary | where boundaries change based on human conflict such as wars, struggles, and battles. |
| Superimposed Boundary | boundaries created by a different state than the actual states that were already there (third party). |
| Relic(t) Boundary | a boundary that no longer exists but can still be seen in cultural differences, or the landscape left behind. |
| Choke Point | an important narrow passage that can be used as a trade route or for military movement. |
| Definitional | how a boundary is actually defined on a physical map and is officially agreed upon in a treaty or document. |
| Locational | a border that’s agreed upon but the location of who gets what side is not. |
| Operational | where the border is agreed upon, but countries disagree on how it should be managed or who is responsible for managing it. |
| Allocational | a border area with valuable resources, where countries argue about who should have rights to use or control the resources found with it. |
| Enclave | a state that's completely surrounded by another state |
| Exclave | part of a state that's disconnected from the rest and is surrounded by other states |
| Frontier | an area of land that no state has full control over and are usually unmonitored, hardly populated, and barely used for anything. |
| Linguistic/Cultural Boundaries | borders that help separate people who have different cultures, languages, or religions in a certain state. |
| Political Boundaries | borders that are officially recognized to define the area that the certain state controls. |
| Geometric Boundaries | borders that are straight or flat lines. |
| Physical Boundary | a border that follows physical features such as rivers, mountains, or canyons. |
| median line princible | It means drawing a water boundary exactly halfway between two countries when they’re close to each other. |
| Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) | An area in the ocean up to 200 miles off a country’s coast where that country gets the special rights to use and control the resources, like fish or oil. |
| territory | from when the land meets the sea, 12 nautical miles is the same as your territory and considered invasion if another country crosses it. |
| power | the countries that can actually enforce their boundaries- core/militaristic countries are usually much more stricter |
| administration | who is controlling/watching over the boundaries and enforcing them |
| delimitation | how is it drawn up on a map and agreed upon by the relevant parties? |
| demarcation | when you physically mark up the landscape to show the boundary |
Created by:
savannah hindman
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