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socio glossary 2TT
second term test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accomodation theory | A theory that explains why speakers adjust their speech style to sound more or less like their interlocutors, as a way of showing social approval or disapproval. |
| Acrolect | In creole studies, the variety on a post-creole continuum that is least creole-like and most closely resembles the local standard or prestigious language. |
| Adjacency pair | In Conversational Analysis, a two-part sequence where one speaker’s utterance prompts a specific type of response (e.g., question–answer, greeting–greeting). |
| Asymmetrical bilingualism | A situation where language groups have unequal social, political, or economic power. |
| Basilect | The most creole-like and least prestigious variety in a creole continuum, distinct from the standard language. |
| Bilingualism | The ability of an individual or community to use two or more languages. |
| Borrowing | The incorporation of linguistic features, usually words, from one language into another due to contact. |
| Code switching | Switching between languages or language varieties in a single conversation for pragmatic, rhetorical, or grammatical purposes. |
| Communicative competence | Dell Hymes' concept of knowing not only what is grammatically correct but also what is socially appropriate in context. |
| Convergence | A speech shift where a speaker adjusts their style to sound more like their interlocutor to signal solidarity or approval. |
| Creole | A contact language that evolves from a pidgin and becomes the native language of a community, expanding in structure and vocabulary. |
| Difference model | A theory suggesting men and women speak differently because they belong to different subcultures with distinct conversational norms. |
| Diglossia | A situation where two varieties of the same language are used in different contexts: a ‘High’ formal variety and a ‘Low’ informal one. |
| Divergence | A speech shift where a speaker makes their language less like their interlocutor’s to emphasize social distance or identity. |
| Domain | A social setting (e.g., home, school) associated with particular language choices and communication behaviors. |
| Dominance model | A theory that interprets gender differences in language as reflecting male dominance in society. |
| Ethnic crossing | Using linguistic features associated with an ethnic group to which the speaker does not belong, often for identity performance. |
| Ethnic enclave | A geographic area with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group, maintaining distinct language and cultural practices. |
| Ethnolect | A language variety influenced by the linguistic background of an ethnic group, used to index ethnic identity. |
| Face (positive and negative) | In Politeness Theory: Positive Face = desire for approval; Negative Face = desire for autonomy and non-imposition. |
| Forms of address | Terms used to refer to people (e.g., titles, first names), governed by norms related to status, power, and intimacy. |
| Gender | A socially constructed identity influencing and indexed by language use, distinct from biological sex. |
| Genre | A recognizable type of text or communicative event with conventionalized structure and purpose (e.g., joke, sermon). |
| Honorific | A term or grammatical feature used to express respect or deference. |
| Jargon | Specialized vocabulary used by a particular group or profession. |
| Lexifier language | The language that provides most of the vocabulary for a pidgin or creole. |
| Lingua franca | A language used for communication between groups without a shared native language. |
| Linguistic awareness | The ability to reflect on and discuss language use and structure. |
| Matrix language | In code-switching, the language that provides the grammatical framework into which elements of another language are inserted. |
| Mesolect | Intermediate varieties in a creole continuum between the acrolect and basilect. |
| Mixed language | A language formed through intense contact where grammar and vocabulary are drawn from two source languages. |
| Multilingualism | The ability of a person or community to use three or more languages. |
| No-naming | Avoiding the use of direct names or address forms, often to manage social relationships. |
| Nonce borrowing | A one-time or rare borrowing of a word or phrase that does not become part of the language’s established vocabulary. |
| Pidgin | A simplified language used for communication between speakers of different native languages, with no native speakers. |
| Proto-pidgin | A hypothetical initial stage of pidgin development, highly limited and unstable. |
| Register | A language variety associated with a particular purpose or situation, characterized by specific vocabulary and structures. |
| Social distance | The perceived level of formality, intimacy, or difference between speakers, influencing linguistic choices. |
| Speech event | A socially recognized communicative activity governed by norms (e.g., lecture, interview). |
| T and V forms | The contrast between informal (T) and formal (V) pronouns of address that signal power and social distance. |
Created by:
soumana
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