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HGAP Unit 3 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acculturation | an ethnic group adopts enough of the host society to function both socially and economically |
| assimilation | ethnic group completely blends in with host culture; the loss of many distinctive ethnic traits |
| centrifugal force | things that drive people apart or threaten the cohesion; usually differences; |
| centripetal force | things that bring people together, cultural centripetal force is usually commonalities like similar language or religion |
| colonialism | forcefully controlling a foreign territory which becomes a colony; culture diffuses through colonialism |
| contagious diffusion | spreading of an idea through a local population by contact from person to person |
| creolized language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language |
| Cultural convergence | the interaction of cultures as they come in contact with each other, influencing and being influenced by each other; becoming more alike |
| cultural divergence | the tendency for culture groups to disassociate from others in order to protect or preserve their culture from influence or change |
| cultural hearth | focused geographic area where important innovations are born and from which they spread |
| cultural landscape | combination of the built environment and the physical landscape; unique to that culture reflecting building materials, beliefs, etc. |
| cultural relativism | the view that a culture should be understood within their own context, not judged by external standards; not calling something weird |
| cultural trait | single attribute or characteristic of a culture, such as language, religion, customs, or food practices, |
| customs | the established practices, traditions, and behaviors that are followed by a particular cultural group |
| dialect | a regional variation of a language that can be distinguished by its distinctive pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling |
| diaspora | the dispersion or spread of a people from their original homeland. |
| ethnicity | social groups that share a common and distinctive culture, language, religion, or historical experience, often linked to a specific geographic region |
| ethnocentrism | belief that one's own culture or ethnic group is superior to others, often leading to the (negative) evaluation of other cultures |
| expansion diffusion | the spread of idea' one of two types of diffusion this type includes contagious, stimulus, hierarchical |
| folk culture | the traditional practices, customs, and beliefs of small, homogeneous groups of people, often in rural areas, that have been passed down ... |
| hierarchical diffusion | when an idea spreads by passing first among the most connected individuals (authority, influential), then spreading to other individuals. |
| ideographic | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or concept rather than a letter |
| imperialism | where a country establishes control over foreign territories by settling its own population there and exploiting resources; broader policy or practice of extending the influence, power, or control of one nation over other nations |
| indigenous | groups of people who have historical ties to a particular territory and maintain distinct cultural practices, languages, |
| Indo-European Language Family | Indo-European language family is the world's most widely spoken family. There are eight distinct branches of the Indo-European languages, English, Spanish, Hindi, and Russian. |
| language branch | organization of language - family - branch - group - language - dialect; English language is in the Germanic branch of the Indo European family |
| language extinction | refers to the process by which a language loses its last native speakers, leading to its total disappearance from use and communication |
| language family | group of languages that are related through descent from a common ancestral language |
| language group | A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary |
| lingua franca | language that is used as a common means of communication between speakers of different native languages |
| modernist architecture | movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizing simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials and technologies |
| placemaking | the process of creating quality public spaces that foster people's health, happiness, and well-being |
| popular culture | refers to the set of ideas, practices, beliefs, and objects that are prevalent and widely accepted within mainstream society at a given time |
| postmodern architecture | tries to design buildings that are visually pleasing to human beings and provide modern humans with a link to their past |
| relocation diffusion | occurs when people move from their original location to another and bring their innovations with them |
| reverse hierarchical diffusion | a process where cultural traits or ideas spread from lower social classes to higher social classes |
| revived language | a language that was once nearly extinct with very few speakers, but has regained native speakers and is once again actively used by a community, often tied to cultural preservation and identity restoration |
| sense of place | people's perceptions of a place shaped by the elements of a cultural landscape and regional cultural patterns; distinct and different from surrounding areas |
| sequent occupance | successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |
| stimulus diffusion | when an idea diffuses from its cultural hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters. |
| syncretism | the blending of different beliefs, practices, and cultural elements to form a new, cohesive system |
| traditional architecture | building styles and techniques that are characteristic of a specific culture, region, or historical period, often utilizing locally available materials and reflecting the needs and customs of the people who inhabit that area |
Created by:
sarab123
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