Question 1

oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o

Accepted Answer

Bones-Act as the framework for the
body, protect the internal
organs, and store calcium.

Question 2

myel/o

Accepted Answer

Bone Marrow - Red bone marrow helps form red
blood cells. Yellow bone marrow
stores fat.

Question 3

chondr/o

Accepted Answer

Cartilage - Creates a smooth surface for
motion within the joints and
protects the ends of the bones

Question 4

arthr/o

Accepted Answer

joints - Work with the muscles to make a
variety of motions possible.

Question 5

ligament/o

Accepted Answer

Ligament - Connect one bone to another

Question 6

synovi/o, synov/o

Accepted Answer

Synovial Membrane -Forms the lining of synovial joints
and secretes synovial fluid.

Question 7

synovi/o, synov/o

Accepted Answer

Synovial Fluid -Lubricant that makes smooth
joint movements possible.

Question 8

Burs/o

Accepted Answer

Bursa-Cushions areas subject to friction
during movement.

Question 9

Periosteum

Accepted Answer

is the tough,
fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of
bone

Question 10

Compact bone

Accepted Answer

also known as cortical bone, is the
dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the pro-
tective outer layer of bones.

Question 11

Spongy bone

Accepted Answer

aka cancellous bone, porous, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone.  Red Bone Marrow

Question 12

Lone Bones

Accepted Answer

Major bones of the arms and legs; femur and humerus

Question 13

Short Bones

Accepted Answer

Bones of the wrist and ankle. Made up of spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone.

Question 14

medullary cavity

Accepted Answer

is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it
is surrounded by compact bone. Red and Yellow bone marrow are stored here

Question 15

endosteum

Accepted Answer

is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Question 16

Red bone marrow,

Accepted Answer

located within the spongy
bone, is a hematopoietic tissue that manufactures red
blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and throm-
bocytes

Question 17

Hematopoietic

Accepted Answer

means
pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Question 18

-poietic

Accepted Answer

pertaining to formation

Question 19

Yellow bone marrow

Accepted Answer

functions as a fat storage area.
It is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the
medullary cavity of long bones.

Question 20

Cartilage

Accepted Answer

is the smooth, rubbery, blue-
white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber
between bones.

Question 21

Articular cartilage

Accepted Answer

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate,
or come together, to form joints.smooth joint movement possible and protects the bones
from rubbing against each other

Question 22

meniscus

Accepted Answer

is the curved, fibrous
cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the
temporomandibular joint of the jaw

Question 23

diaphysis

Accepted Answer

is the shaft of a long
bone

Question 24

epiphyses

Accepted Answer

re the wider ends
of long bones such as the femurs of the legs

Question 25

proximal epiphysis

Accepted Answer

end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the
body.

Question 26

distal epiphysis

Accepted Answer

end of the bone
located farthest away from the midline of the body.

Question 27

foramen

Accepted Answer

opening in a bone
through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments
pass

Question 28

process

Accepted Answer

normal projection on the surface of a
bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for
a muscle or tendon.

Question 29

Joints; Articulations

Accepted Answer

are the
place of union between two or more bones.

Question 30

Fibrous joints

Accepted Answer

consisting of inflexible layers of dense
connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together.

Question 31

Sutures

Accepted Answer

allow little or no movement in adults

Question 32

fontanelles; soft spots

Accepted Answer

are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant
through the birth canal.

Question 33

Cartilaginous joints

Accepted Answer

allow only
slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely
by cartilage

Question 34

sternum

Accepted Answer

Breast bone

Question 35

pubic symphysis

Accepted Answer

allows
some movement to facilitate childbirth. Pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis.

Question 36

synovial joint

Accepted Answer

is created where two
bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.

Question 37

Ball-and-socket joints

Accepted Answer

hips and
shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many
directions

Question 38

■ Hinge joints

Accepted Answer

knees and elbows, are
synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one
direction or plane

Question 39

synovial capsule

Accepted Answer

the outermost layer of strong
fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds
the joint.

Question 40

synovial membrane

Accepted Answer

lines the capsule and
secretes synovial fluid.

Question 41

Synovial fluid

Accepted Answer

which flows within the synovial cavity,
acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of
the joint possible

Question 42

■■ ■■ Ligaments

Accepted Answer

are bands of fibrous tissue
that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone
or by joining a bone to cartilage.

Question 43

bursa

Accepted Answer

is a fibrous sac that acts as a
cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject
to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee
joints where a tendon passes over a bone

Question 44

Adult Skeleton

Accepted Answer

206 Bones

Question 45

axial skeleton

Accepted Answer

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. 80 bones of the head and body are organized into 5 parts

Question 46

Axial Skeleton

Accepted Answer

(1) the bones of the skull; (2) the ossicles (bones) of
the middle ear; (3) the hyoid bone, located on the throat
between the chin and the thyroid; (4) the rib cage; and (5)
the vertebral column.

Question 47

appendicular skeleton

Accepted Answer

makes body movement
possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion,
and reproduction. 126 Bones are organized.

Question 48

upper extremities

Accepted Answer

shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists,
and hands

Question 49

lower extremities

Accepted Answer

(hips, thighs,
legs, ankles, and feet

Question 50

appendage

Accepted Answer

anything that is attached to a major
part of the body

Question 51

skull

Accepted Answer

consists of the 8 bones that form the cranium,
14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle
ear.

Question 52

cranium

Accepted Answer

portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. Made up of frontal bone , parietal bone , occipital bone, 2 temporal, external auditory meatus , sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.

Question 53

Frontal Bone

Accepted Answer

anterior portion of the cranium
that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal
sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the
nose and part of the socket that protects the eyeball.

Question 54

Parietal Bones

Accepted Answer

two of the
largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of
the roof and upper sides of the cranium.

Question 55

Occipital Bones

Accepted Answer

forms the back
part of the skull and the base of the cranium.

Question 56

Temporal Bones

Accepted Answer

form the sides and base of
the cranium.

Question 57

External auditory meatus

Accepted Answer

is the open-
ing of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This
canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of
the skull. A meatus is the external opening of a canal.

Question 58

sphenoid bone

Accepted Answer

is an irregular,
wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. This bone
makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and
■■ helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the
skull, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets.

Question 59

ethmoid bone

Accepted Answer

is light, spongy bone
located at the roof and sides of the nose. Here it sepa-
rates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms
a portion of each orbit. An orbit is the bony socket that
surrounds and protects each eyeball.

Question 60

auditory ossicles

Accepted Answer

are the three tiny
bones located in each middle ear. These bones, known as
the malleus, incus, and stapes,

Question 61

Bones of the face

Accepted Answer

2 Nasal bones, zygomatic bones, maxillary bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones and inferior concha. 1 vomer bone and mandible

Question 62

nasal bones

Accepted Answer

form the upper part of the bridge
of the nose.

Question 63

zygomatic bones

Accepted Answer

also
known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal
bone that makes up the forehead.

Question 64

maxillary bones

Accepted Answer

) form
most of the upper jaw (singular, maxilla). These bones
are also known as the maxillae.

Skeletal System

Skeletal System for HOSA

Question	Answer
oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o	Bones-Act as the framework for the body, protect the internal organs, and store calcium.
myel/o	Bone Marrow - Red bone marrow helps form red blood cells. Yellow bone marrow stores fat.
chondr/o	Cartilage - Creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of the bones
arthr/o	joints - Work with the muscles to make a variety of motions possible.
ligament/o	Ligament - Connect one bone to another
synovi/o, synov/o	Synovial Membrane -Forms the lining of synovial joints and secretes synovial fluid.
synovi/o, synov/o	Synovial Fluid -Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible.
Burs/o	Bursa-Cushions areas subject to friction during movement.
Periosteum	is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Compact bone	also known as cortical bone, is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the pro- tective outer layer of bones.
Spongy bone	aka cancellous bone, porous, which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone. Red Bone Marrow
Lone Bones	Major bones of the arms and legs; femur and humerus
Short Bones	Bones of the wrist and ankle. Made up of spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone.
medullary cavity	is the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone. Red and Yellow bone marrow are stored here
endosteum	is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity
Red bone marrow,	located within the spongy bone, is a hematopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and throm- bocytes
Hematopoietic	means pertaining to the formation of blood cells
-poietic	pertaining to formation
Yellow bone marrow	functions as a fat storage area. It is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity of long bones.
Cartilage	is the smooth, rubbery, blue- white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.
Articular cartilage	covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate, or come together, to form joints.smooth joint movement possible and protects the bones from rubbing against each other
meniscus	is the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw
diaphysis	is the shaft of a long bone
epiphyses	re the wider ends of long bones such as the femurs of the legs
proximal epiphysis	end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.
distal epiphysis	end of the bone located farthest away from the midline of the body.
foramen	opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
process	normal projection on the surface of a bone that most commonly serves as an attachment for a muscle or tendon.
Joints; Articulations	are the place of union between two or more bones.
Fibrous joints	consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together.
Sutures	allow little or no movement in adults
fontanelles; soft spots	are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal.
Cartilaginous joints	allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage
sternum	Breast bone
pubic symphysis	allows some movement to facilitate childbirth. Pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis.
synovial joint	is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.
Ball-and-socket joints	hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions
■ Hinge joints	knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane
synovial capsule	the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
synovial membrane	lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
Synovial fluid	which flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible
■■ ■■ Ligaments	are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone or by joining a bone to cartilage.
bursa	is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction, such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone
Adult Skeleton	206 Bones
axial skeleton	protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. 80 bones of the head and body are organized into 5 parts
Axial Skeleton	(1) the bones of the skull; (2) the ossicles (bones) of the middle ear; (3) the hyoid bone, located on the throat between the chin and the thyroid; (4) the rib cage; and (5) the vertebral column.
appendicular skeleton	makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction. 126 Bones are organized.
upper extremities	shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands
lower extremities	(hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet
appendage	anything that is attached to a major part of the body
skull	consists of the 8 bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle ear.
cranium	portion of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. Made up of frontal bone , parietal bone , occipital bone, 2 temporal, external auditory meatus , sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.
Frontal Bone	anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead. This bone houses the frontal sinuses and forms the roof of the ethmoid sinuses, the nose and part of the socket that protects the eyeball.
Parietal Bones	two of the largest bones of the skull. Together they form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium.
Occipital Bones	forms the back part of the skull and the base of the cranium.
Temporal Bones	form the sides and base of the cranium.
External auditory meatus	is the open- ing of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. This canal is located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull. A meatus is the external opening of a canal.
sphenoid bone	is an irregular, wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull. This bone makes contact with all of the other cranial bones and ■■ helps form the base of the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the eye sockets.
ethmoid bone	is light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose. Here it sepa- rates the nasal cavity from the brain, and it also forms a portion of each orbit. An orbit is the bony socket that surrounds and protects each eyeball.
auditory ossicles	are the three tiny bones located in each middle ear. These bones, known as the malleus, incus, and stapes,
Bones of the face	2 Nasal bones, zygomatic bones, maxillary bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones and inferior concha. 1 vomer bone and mandible
nasal bones	form the upper part of the bridge of the nose.
zygomatic bones	also known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone that makes up the forehead.
maxillary bones	) form most of the upper jaw (singular, maxilla). These bones are also known as the maxillae.
palatine bones	form the anterior (front) part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose.
lacrimal bones
inferior conchae
vomer bone
mandible(jaw)

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