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SFDS CHAP 13 N and S
SFDS Chapter 13 North and South
| Key Item | Definition |
|---|---|
| Elias Howe | Created the sewing machine in 1846, machine operators could produce clothing on a large scale from fabrics made by machine. |
| Barriers to Industry in the South | 1. Cotton so profitable. 2. Lack of capital. 3. Local market for manufactured goods very small. 4. Southerners didn’t want it, they are fine with the economy the way it was. |
| Deep South | Had lots of slaves. Includes Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. It was hard for slaves to escape to the North because it was so far away. |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin. It was difficult to harvest and the cotton gin is going to make it easier. Because of this invention the cotton increased from 1 pound a day to 50 pounds a day |
| Clipper Ship | A fast sailing ship with slender lines, tall masts, and large square sails. Called the clipper ship because they “clipped” time off the journey. |
| Morse Code | A series of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet. Allows people to communicate quickly and over long distances. |
| Samuel Morse | Created the Morse Code and with the code he was able to create instant communication between long distances. |
| Irish Immigrants | The Irish left Ireland and came to America and settled in the Northeast. They left Ireland in the times between 1840-1860 because of the potatoe famine. A famine is an extreme shortage of food. Irish in America did not get a lot of respect. Most busin |
| Overseer | Person who supervises a large operation or its workers. |
| John Deere | Invented the steel tipped plow in 1837. His plow easily cut through the hard packed sod soil of the prairies. This will greatly change the way the prairies are farmed and lived on. Steel tipped plow was much sturdier than the wooden plow. |
| Credit | A form of loan. |
| Impact of Immigration | Increased dramatically between 1840-1860. Changed the character of the country. They brought languages, customs, religions, and ways of life. Irish immigrants and about half of the German Immigrants were Roman Catholics. Many Catholics settled in the |
| Robert Fulton | Grew up in Lancaster, PA. Developed steamboat engine that was more powerful. He launched the steamboat era. |
| Cotton Gin | A machine that removed seeds from the cotton fibers |
| Tenant Farmer | A farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops |
| Southern Transportation | Natural waterways provided chief means of transportation of goods in the south. Few canals and roads were poor. Built railroads but to a lesser extent than the north. Cities grew slowly. Railroads were short, local, and did not connect to all parts of |
| Upper South | Most southerners lived along the Atlantic Coast in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, which is known as the Upper South. 1790 South seems to be an under developed agriculture region with little prospect for future growth |
| Immigration | The movement of people into a country. To the United States increased dramatically between 1840-1860. American manufacturers welcomed the immigrants to work longer for low pay. Largest group of immigrants to the US at this time traveled across the Atlan |
| Slave Codes | Between 1830-1860 life under slavery became even more difficult because of the slave codes. Laws in the southern states that controlled enslaved people became more severe. 1700’s slave codes aimed to prevent the event white southerners dreaded the most. |
| German Immigrants | Most came between 1820-1860. Came over because of the failure of a democratic revolution in Germany in 1848. Wanted work and opportunity. Settled mostly in New York and Pennsylvania, and Midwest and Western Territories. Bought farms and made own busin |
| Spiritual | An African American religious folk song |
| The Underground Railroad | Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglas were 2 African Americans that used the route for their freedom and then helped others use it. A route to freedom. A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to |
| Prejudice | An unfair opinion not based on facts somewhat racist |
| Nativist | People who opposed to immigration. Favors those born in their country. |
| Nat Turner | Popular religious leader among his fellow slaves. Rebelled openly against his owner. Taught himself how to read and write. Led a group on violent rampages. He was captured and hung. Killed at least 55 people with his followers. |
| Sarah G. Bagley | Founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Organization. Petitioned to the state legislature for a 10 hour work day in 1845. It was ignored because it was mostly signed by women. |
| Rural Poor | Lived in crude cabins in wooden areas that were able to clear. Grew Corn and usually had a cow or hog. They hunted and fished for food. |
| Harriet Tubman | Born as a slave in Maryland. Worked in plantation fields until she was 30 years old. She made her break for freedom to the North with the help of the Underground Railroad. Courageous made 19 trips back into the South to help other slaves reach freedom. |
| Famine | An extreme shortage of food. |
| Frederick Douglas | Succeeded in fleeing from slavery. Considered leader of the Abolitionist Movement. Fled to the North. |
| Discrimination | Unfair treatment of a group. Unequal treatment because of a person’s race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth. |
| Great Plains | West of the Missouri, Iowa, and Minnesota. Made of matted sod, soil was fertile but impossible to farm. Too difficult until the invention of the steel tipped plow. |
| Railroads Goods and People | Railroads transformed trade in the nation’s interior. Railroads let goods move directly from the Middle West to the east. Since goods traveled cheaper and faster, the east could lower prices. This would help people who don’t have a lot of money afford |
| Working Conditions in the Factories | Long hours, on average 11.4 hours a day. Many accidents in the factories. Dangerous conditions with no protection. Broken bones and loss of fingers. Winter is very cold with no heat, and summer is miserably hot. Young children at the most risk of get |
| Lives of the slaves | Hard and miserable. Worst fear was being sold away from their family. Lived in log huts, bare ground, dozens of people in one house, beds were straw and rags. Not supposed to marry. Christians. Slave Codes were laws in the south that controlled ensla |
| Strike | A stopping of work by workers to force an employer to meet demands. |
| Cyrus McCormick | Became interested in machines that would ease the burden of farm work. After years of tinkering, McCormick designed and constructed the mechanical reaper and made a fortune manufacturing and selling it. |
| Role of Plantation Wives | Wathced over the salves who took care of the house. Tended to the ill slaves. Some would take care of the financial records. Led a difficult and lonely life. Also she would supervise the plantation buildings and the fruit and vegetable gardens. |
| Women Workers | Played a major role in the developing mill and factory systems. Lesser pay than men. Were excluded from the unions the men formed. Then in 1830’s and 1840’s women attempted to organize a petition to the state legislature. But the legislature did not c |
| Peter Cooper and Tom Thumb | Designed and built a locomotive called the Tom Thumb. It was in a race in Baltimore against a horse drawn train and the Tom thumb engine failed. It was made in 1830. It took ten years to improve it. It was the beginning of the steam powered trains. |
| Telegraph | A device or system that used electric signals to transmit messages by a code over wires |
| Trade Union | Organization of workers with the same trade or skill. |
| Capital | Money for investment. |
| Yeoman | Southern owner of a small farm who did not have enslaved people. |
| Fixed Cost | Regular expenses such as housing or maintaining equipment that remain about the same year after year. |
Created by:
Mrs. Hastings
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