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APUSH Period 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Popular Sovereignty | the people of a given territory vote to decide the issue of slavery |
| Fugitive Slave Law | part of the Compromise of 1850; set high penalties for anyone who aided escaped slaves and compelled all law enforcement officers to participate in retrieving runaways |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Harriet Beecher Stowe's widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery |
| New York Draft Riots | uprisings during the Civil War (1863), mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft; rioters were particularly angry about the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions |
| Emancipation Proclamation | 1863 - declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States |
| Sherman’s March to the Sea | 1864-1865; Union General William Tecumseh Sher- man's destructive march through Georgia; an early in- stance of "total war," purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate War effort |
| Freedman’s Bureau | 1865-1872; government agency created to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support |
| Black Codes | 1865-1866 laws passed throughout the South to restrict the rights of emancipated blacks |
| Ku Klux Klan (KKK) | An extremist, paramilitary, right-wing terrorist group founded in the 1860s; members, cloaked in sheets to conceal their identities, terrorized freedmen and sympathetic whites throughout the South after the Civil War |
| Sharecropping | agricultural system that emerged after the Civil War in which black and white farmers rented land and residences from a plantation owner in exchange for giving him a certain "share" of each year's crop |
| Hayes-Tilden Election (1876) | contested election; the South conceded to let Hayes win the presidency because he agreed to remove federal troops from southern states |
| Compromise of 1850 | admitted California as a free state, opened New Mexico and Utah to popular sovereignty, ended the slave trade (but not slavery itself) in Washington D.C., introduced a strict fugitive slave law; did little to settle the escalating dispute over slavery |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 law proposed that the issue of slavery be decided by popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, revoked the 1820 Missouri Compromise |
| Homestead Act | 1862 federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it; helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of white settlers |
| Gettysburg Address | 1863 Abraham Lincoln speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield; Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty |
| 10% Reconstruction Plan | 1863 plan by President Lincoln proposed that a state be readmitted to the Union once 10 percent of its voters had pledged loyalty to the United States and promised to honor emancipation of slaves |
| Reconstruction Amendments | 13th: Abolished slavery except for criminal punishment. 14th: Gave equal rights and government protection to all men 15th: Secured suffrage for men |
| Radical Republicans | Most liberal part of the Republican Party; desired political, economic, and social equality for African Americans; wanted harsh punishment for the South after the Civil War |
| Election of Lincoln (1860) | Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery; southern states began to secede |
| Abolitionist Movement | movement to end the practice of slavery within the entirety of the United States |
| Anaconda Plan | Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture of the Mississippi River, and to take an army through heart of south |
| American Party (Know-Nothing Party) | 1840s-1850s political party of anti-immigrant sentiments against the Catholic and the Irish; moderate success before collapsing the 1850s |
| Wilmot Proviso | 1846 proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the Mexican War; failed to pass both houses of Congress but helped fan the flame of sectional tension |
| Free-Soil Party | 1848 political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery into new territories |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | 1848 treaty; Mexican government gave up the area of Texas and offered to sell the provinces of California and New Mexico as a result of its defeat in the Mexican-American War |
| Gadsden Purchase | 1853 agreement w/ Mexico that gave the US parts of present-day New Mexico & Arizona in exchange for $10 million |
Created by:
Mr. Kipp
Popular U.S. History sets