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UNIT TWO 1/2 (8th)
The Deceleration of Independence (Section 5-7) 8th grade history test study U2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did Americans revolt against British rule? | Primarily due to disagreements over taxation without representation, too much control. |
| What beliefs and values did Americans say they wanted in the Declaration of Independence? | Natural rights, consent of the governed, equality, and the right of revolution. |
| What challenges did Americans face fighting the British. | Supply shortages and a weak financial system. |
| How did the war affect African Americans, Native Americans and women? | African Americans gained freedom by fighting for either side, Native Americans facing divided loyalties and territorial loss, and women taking on new roles at home and as camp followers. |
| What was the First Great Awakening, and how did it affect Americans? | A series of Protestant religious revivals that swept through the American colonies. It challenged established religious authority, and laying ideological groundwork for the American Revolution |
| What powers did the American colonial assemblies have before 1763? | Control over local taxation and spending, and the right to initiate legislation. |
| What problems did the French and Indian War create for the British, and what expectations did Americans have? | The French and Indian War created significant problems for the British, primarily a massive debt, which led to attempts to impose new taxes and regulations on the American colonies |
| What did the Proclamation Act require colonists to do? Why did the British pass this law? | The Proclamation Act of 1763 required colonists to stay east of the Appalachian Mountains and forbade them from settling on lands west of the line. |
| What did the Stamp Act require colonists to do? Why did the British pass this law? Why were colonists so angry about this law? | It was a direct tax on all printed materials. Colonists were angry because they believed it was unconstitutional to be taxed without representation in Parliament |
| What did the Quartering Act require colonists to do? | The Quartering Acts required colonists to provide housing and supplies, such as food, for British soldiers stationed in the colonies. |
| What did the Townshend Acts require colonists to do? | The Townshend Acts required colonists to pay new taxes on imported goods like glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea (taxes D:) |
| How did the Boston Massacre begin? How did Sam Adams and John Adams respond differently to this event? | a confrontation between a lone British soldier and a group of colonists and the soldier fired into the crowd. John Adams defended the soldiers, yet his cousin Sam Adams spread propaganda. |
| Why were many colonists upset by the Tea Act? | It granted a monopoly on the tea trade to the British East India Company |
| What two laws were included in the Intolerable Acts? | British officials accused of crimes to be tried in Britain and closing Boston's harbor until the city paid for the destroyed tea |
| How did the First Continental Congress react to the Intolerable Acts? (Give two examples.) | They boycotted and sent a petition to the King. |
| Why did the British march to Lexington and Concord in April of 1775 What is important to remember about this battle? | They wanted to take away the guns and gunpowder the colonists had stored. The important takeaway is that this event marked the start of the American Revolutionary War |
| What was the Continental Army, and why was George Washington put in charge of it? | An army formed by Second Continental Congress to fight the British. George Washington had experience, character, and skill. |
| What is important to remember about the Battle of Bunker Hill? | The British army lost over 1,000 men in battle I think |
| What did the Congress ask for in the Olive Branch Petition? | It asked the king to restore harmony and peace kinda like asking for a peaceful resolution. |
| How did King George III react to the Olive Branch Petition? | "open and avowed rebellion" "scoundrels!" |
| What is an example of an argument in Common Sense? What effect did Common Sense have on American colonists? | It attacked the argument that the colonies' ties to Great Britain had benefited Americans. Common Sense said American trade had suffered under British control, and Americans had also been hurt by being dragged into Great Britain's European wars. |
| Who wrote most of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. |
| According to Jefferson, what are our three inalienable (natural) rights? According to Jefferson, where do people get these rights? | Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. He states that people get these rights from their Creator, not the government. |
| In what city and colony did the Second Continental Congress meet to discuss independence? Who are three famous people who were there? | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania . The three famous people were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin. |
| What part of Jefferson’s first draft of the Declaration of Independence was removed? Why was this removed? | long passage that condemned king for his role in the slave trade. It was removed because delegates from South Carolina and Georgia objected to it, and northern delegates representing merchants involved in the slave trade also felt it was controversial. |
| What happened on July 4, 1776? How should we celebrate? | the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Just celebrate |
| What were some of the weaknesses of the American army? | Very limited supplies and not much training. |
| What were some strengths of the British army? | Great training, lots of money/supplies, and way more men. |
| How did Washington win the Battle of Trenton? Why was this important? | He used the element of surprise to attack them on Christmas night, knowing that the British will not be prepared. |
| What important contributions did Peter Salem and James Armistead make during the war? | idk |
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