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Soc Psych Attitudes
PSY2533 Chapter 6 Attitudes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an attitude? | a positive, negative, or mixed reaction to a person, object, or idea |
| What are the four quadrants an attitude can align with? | positive reaction, indifference, negative reaction, ambivalence (dual reaction) |
| Where do cherished attitudes come from? | exposure to attitude objects, rewards and punishment, attitudes that important personal figures express, social and cultural context |
| What is evaluative conditioning? | the process by which we form an attitude towards a neutral stimulus because of association with positive or negative subject |
| What is the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen 1991)? | attitude, cultural context, and behavior control combine to form one’s intention to engage in behavior |
| One is more likely to develop a strong attitude when it? | directly affects own self-interests; relates to deeply held philosophical, political, and religious values; is of concern to their close friends, family, and social in-groups |
| What is the rebound effect? | the tendency for an attitude to be strengthened by an attack against it from a persuasive message |
| What is persuasion? | the process by which attitudes are changed |
| What are the two routes of persuasion? | central route and peripheral route |
| What is the central route of persuasion? | influenced by the strength and quality of the argument |
| What is the peripheral route of persuasion? | influenced by the superficial details of the argument |
| One who is highly motivated to deeply understand an argument is which route of persuasion? | central route |
| One who is not motivated to deeply understand an argument is which route of persuasion? | peripheral route |
| What two traits are linked with the routes of persuasion? | Intelligence and self-esteem |
| What are the three steps of the central route of persuasion? | reception, elaboration, acceptance |
| What is self-validation hypothesis? | the more perceived importance of a topic, the stronger the attitude and impact will be |
| What do people base route selection on? | source, message, and audience |
| What are traits of a source that impact attitude? | credibility and likability |
| What is the Sleeper Effect? | delayed increase in the persuasive impact of a non-credible source (and a decrease in the persuasive impact of a credible source) |
| What is Discounting Cue Hypothesis? | tendency for people to immediately discount the arguments made by non-credible communicators, but over time, dissociate what was said from who said it |
| What is the Primacy effect? | tendency to recall first events or ideas first |
| What is the Recency effect? | tendency to recall recent events or ideas first |
| How does need for cognition (NC) affect how one interacts with an argument? | the higher their NC scores, the more people think about the material, the better they later recall it, and more persuaded they are by the strength of arguments |
| What is self-monitoring? | one’s ability to regulate their own behavior across situations due to public self-presentation |
| What are promotion-oriented people drawn to? | drawn to success and achievement |
| What are protection-oriented people drawn to? | drawn to protection of what one has |
| What is inoculation hypothesis? | idea that exposure to weak versions of a persuasive argument increases later resistance to that argument |
| What is psychological reactance? | theory that people react against threats to their freedom by asserting themselves and perceiving the threatened freedom as more attractive |
| What is cognitive dissonance theory (Festinger 1957)? | mental discomfort when one holds two contradicting beliefs or when one's actions don't match one's beliefs |
| What 4 steps are necessary for arousal or reduction of cognitive dissonance? | negative consequence, responsibility for outcomes, physiological discomfort, attribute discomfort to behavior |
| What is self persuasion? | one can infer how they feel by observing themself and the circumstances of their own behavior |
| What is impression-management theory? | what matters is not a motive to be consistent but rather a motive to appear consistent (focusing on appearance rather than motivation |
| What are self-esteem theories? | acts that arouse dissonance do so because they threaten the self-concept |
| What is self-affirmation theory? | When faced with dissonance that threatens the self, one may affirm their self in other ways to avoid dissonance |
Created by:
juangon
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