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Reconstruction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Radical Republicans | A faction of the Republican Party during the Reconstruction era that sought to enforce civil rights for freed slaves and implement significant changes in the Southern states. |
| Freedmen’s Bureau | A government agency established in 1865 to assist freed slaves in the South by providing food, housing, education, and medical care. |
| Fourteenth Amendment | An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1868 that granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. |
| Thirteenth Amendment | An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1865 that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. |
| Impeach | The process of charging a government official with misconduct in office, which can lead to removal from office. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | The 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) and a Union general during the Civil War known for leading the North to victory. |
| Amnesty | : A general pardon for offenses, often granted to a group of people, such as former Confederates after the Civil War. |
| Reconstruction | The period following the Civil War (1865–1877) during which the Southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A secret society formed in the post-Civil War era that aimed to maintain white supremacy through intimidation and violence against African Americans and their allies. |
| Sharecropping | An agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to farm their land in exchange for a share of the crops produced, often leading to cycles of debt for the tenants. |
| Compromise of 1877 | An agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election and led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction. |
| Andrew Johnson | The 17th President of the United States (1865–1869) who succeeded Abraham Lincoln and faced signific |
| Fifteenth Amendment | An amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified in 1870 that prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." |
| Civil Rights | The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality, often associated with the struggle for equal treatment of African Americans. |
| Freedmen’s School | Educational institutions established to educate freed slaves, providing them opportunities for literacy and vocational training. |
| Black Codes | Laws enacted in the Southern states after the Civil War that restricted the rights and freedoms of African Americans, aiming to maintain white supremacy and control over the labor force. |
| Scalawags | A term used to describe Southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party after the Civil War, often viewed as traitors by other Southerners. |
| Carpetbagger | A derogatory term for Northerners who moved to the South during Reconstruction, often seeking personal gain or political power, and carrying their belongings in a carpetbag. |
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