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Online History

TermDefinition
Common Sense A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating independence from Britain.
Stamp Act 1765 British tax on printed materials, sparking colonial protest.
Enlightenment Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individual rights influencing revolutionary ideas.
Townshend Acts 1767 British duties on imports like glass and paper, leading to unrest.
Boston Tea Party 1773 protest against Tea Act where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.
Federalism Political system dividing power between national and state governments.
Declaration of Independence 1776 document asserting colonies' independence from Britain.
Intolerable Acts Punitive laws after Boston Tea Party restricting Massachusetts self-governance.
John Locke Philosopher whose ideas on natural rights influenced revolutionary thought.
1st Great Awakening Religious revival emphasizing personal faith and challenge to authority.
Bill of Rights First ten amendments guaranteeing individual freedoms.
Federalists vs Anti- Federalists Debates over ratification of the Constitution; Federalists favored strong central government, Anti-Federalists prioritized states’ rights.
Articles of Confederation First U.S. constitution creating a weak central government, replaced by the Constitution.
Separation of Church and State The principle that government should remain neutral toward religion, preventing government from establishing or favoring any religion.
Establishment Clause Part of the First Amendment prohibiting the government from establishing an official religion.
Free Exercise Clause Part of the First Amendment protecting individuals' rights to practice their religion freely.
Marbury v. Madison A landmark Supreme Court case establishing the principle of judicial review.
Judicial Review The power of courts to assess whether laws are constitutional.
Monroe Doctrine A U.S. foreign policy statement asserting opposition to European colonialism in the Americas.
Differences in the economies of the North and South The North had an industrial economy with factories and wage labor, while the South relied on agriculture, especially plantations using enslaved labor.
Causes of the Civil War Main reasons for the conflict between North and South, including slavery, states’ rights, and economic differences.
Popular Sovereignty The idea that people living in a territory should decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery.
Dred Scott v. Sandford An 1857 Supreme Court case ruling that African Americans were not citizens and Congress could not ban slavery in territories.
Emancipation Proclamation A declaration by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states.
Gettysburg Address A famous speech by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 emphasizing national unity and the principles of liberty and equality.
Andrew Johnson The 17th U.S. president who took office after Lincoln’s assassination and oversaw early Reconstruction.
Frederick Douglas A former enslaved person who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and speaker for civil rights.
Jim Crow Laws State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States after the Civil War.
Reconstruction plans (Lincoln, Republicans, Congressional plan) Different strategies for rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved people after the Civil War.
13th Amendment A constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.
14th Amendment A constitutional amendment granting citizenship and equal protection under the law to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
15th Amendment A constitutional amendment guaranteeing voting rights regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Created by: user-1993350
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