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A HTG 100 Vocab 3
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| John Locke | 1632-1704 English philosopher whose Treatise of Government espousing natural rights, consent of the governed, and social compacts greatly influenced the Founding Fathers. |
| Whig Party | England’s first political party, organized in political opposition to the King; Americans later formed their own Whig party during the Jacksonian democracy era, but the two parties do not hold the same ideology. |
| Second Treatise of Government | John Locke’s work arguing that true political authority comes not from God or precedent but from the people. |
| Glorious Revolution | 1688 bloodless English revolution against the King, making the King subject to Parliament; considered a true founding of government. |
| Rule of Law | A set of metalegal principles developed by the English legal system as a way of distinguishing whether a particular law supported freedom or not. |
| Natural Law | Law that classical Greeks believed resided in the human heart and reflects our innate sense of right and wrong. |
| Natural Rights | Fundamental rights granted by nature that government cannot abrogate and which government is bound to protect |
| Generality | Rule of law principle that states when laws are made they must apply to broad categories of people and must not single out individuals or groups for special treatment. |
| Prospectivity | Rule of law principle that states laws must apply to future action and not past action. |
| Publicity | Rule of law principle that states laws must be known and certain, such that everyone knows of their existence and their enforcement is reasonably reliable. |
| Consent | Rule of law principle that states laws must be generally acceptable to those who must live by them. |
| French and Indian War | 1754-1763 Britain and her colonies fought against the French with their respective native allies. The French were defeated, solidifying British control of North America. |
| Due Process | Rule of law principle that states when laws are applied they must be administered impartially. |
| Montesquieu | 1689-1755 A French political thinker who favored the British system of rule and lauded the idea of separation of powers. |
| Commonwealth Ideology | The idea that the Country party had the best strategy and opportunity to preserve liberty against the Court party. |
| Court Party/Tories | English royal court and the center of British political power; characterized by corruption and subversion. |
| Country Party | English opposition to the Court party that consisted of commonwealth men, everyday citizens. The Country party was considered morally independent with pure motives. |
| John Adams | The rule of law led him to defend the British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. His defense demonstrated to the world that the colonists were civilized and could therefore govern themselves. |
| Separation of Powers | Dividing powers of government between different branches. |
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jaredririe
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