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Social Probs Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Feminism | political movement that seeks social equality among men and women |
| Theory | statement of how and why specific facts are related |
| Theoretical Approach | basic image of society guiding theory and research |
| Social Disorganization Theory | Probs arise when society breaks down due to rapid social change |
| Four Stages of Social Movement | Emergence, Coalescence, Formalization, Decline of Public Interest |
| Emergence | first stage of social movement in which initial claims are made |
| Coalescence | second stage of social movement in which claims are publicized |
| Formalization | third stage of social movement in which claims are recognized as part of political debate |
| Decline of Public Interest | fourth stage of social movement in which public interest dies down; the goal is either accomplished or isn't. |
| Social Problem | condition that undermines well-being of some or all members of society and is usually a public controversial issue |
| Sociological Imagination | point of view that highlights how society affects the experiences we have and the choices we make; the ability to view our own personal probs partly as social issues; C. Wright Mills coined this |
| Claims-Making | efforts by officials, individuals, and organizations to influence people's thinking and change. |
| Participant Observation | observing people while joining them in their everyday activities |
| Feminization of Poverty | the trend of women making up an increasing share of the poor |
| Poverty Line | income level set by the government for the purpose of counting the poor |
| Tracking | in education, the school divides the students into collegebound (academic) and work-bound (vocational) students, to try and teach to their academic abilities |
| White People | group of people that live under poverty the most (largest share of US population) |
| Wealth | inherited, the value of all economic assets owned minus any debt |
| 11.6% | percentage of US pop living below poverty line in 2021 |
| The Culture of Poverty Theory | cultural patterns that encourage poverty as a way of life; coined by Oscar Lewis |
| Blaming the Victim Thesis | finding the cause of a social problem in the behavior of those who suffer it |
| Infant Mortality Rate | measures the number of deaths of infants under the age of 1 who die each year. |
| Social Stratification | a society's system of ranking categories of people in a heirarchy |
| Arab | considered an ethnicity, refers to people from distinct regions in North Africa and the Middle East. It is NOT a religion |
| Genocide | the systematic killing of one category of people by another |
| Dred Scott Case | 1857: challenged existence of slavery when DOI says all men are equal. Court ruled that black ppl aren't citizens and don't have rights |
| Minority | any category of people identified by physical or cultural traits that a society subjects to disadvantages |
| Emory Bogardus Social Distance Scale | measures prejudice among college students toward racial and ethnic groups |
| Ethnicity | a shared cultural heritage which typically involves common ancestors, language, and religion |
| Stereotype | exaggerated description applied to every person in some category |
| Executive Order 9066 | Japanese American Internment after Pearl Harbor |
| Race | socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that most members of a society define as important |
| Segregation | the physical and social separation of categories of people |
| Glass Ceiling | subtle discrimination that effectively blocks the movement of women into highest positions in organizations |
| Patriarchy | social pattern in which males dominate females |
| Sexism | the belief that one sex is innately superior to the other and the ideological system that supports patriarchy |
| Sex | biological distinction between male and female; an act to reproduce |
| Gender | personal traits and life chances a society links to being a male or female; socially constructed |
| 97% | what percentage of US job of preschool or elementary school teachers are women |
| Why men earn more | men have higher and more important jobs, men balance less responsibilities at home with work, women suffer from discrimination on gender |
| Second Shift | doing housework and taking care of things at home after already working a shift at your real job earlier; usually belongs to women |
| Symbolic-Interactionalism for Gender | men take up more space, we use female pronouns for objects, men are allowed to act more freely bc they have more power |
| Right to Vote | milestone for women that occurred in 1920 |
| Primary Sex Characteristic | sex traits that we are born with that identify male or female |
| Secondary Sex Characteristics | sex traits that develop during puberty and visibly show others your gender. Seen while dressed |
| Heterosexuality | straight; attracted to opposite gender |
| Homosexuality | gay/lesbian; attracted to same gender |
| Homophobia | hostility toward people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bi |
| Sexual Harrassment | unwanted comments, gestures, requests, or physical contact of a sexual nature |
| Africa | Global region with highest amount of cases of HIV (continent) |
| Teen Pregnancy Rate | In U.S., higher rate than many other high income countries; decreasing over time |
| Alfred Kinsey | he mostly interviewed college kids and found that people were a lot more untraditional with sex than you'd think. People were doing it a lot and were more curious about it than they seemed |
| Life Course | the socially constructed stages that people pass through as they live out their lives; old age is final stage |
| Elder | Positive connotation when referring to an old person |
| Elderly | negative connotation when referring to old people |
| Family | most common support for old people |
| Gerontology | the study of aging and the elderly |
| Life expectancy | the number of years on average people in a society can expect to live. |
| Hospice | homelike care that provides physical and emotional comfort to dying people and their families |
| Ageism | prejudice and discrimination against people of specific cohorts of ages |
| Caregiving | informal and unpaid care provided to a dependent person by family, relatives, or friends |
| Euthanasia | assisting in the death of a person suffering an incurable disease |
| Intersection Theory | problems of aging are higher for women and disadvantaged people. Some women are more disadvantaged than others. |
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25pollijul
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