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Systems Phys - CH4
Balliet fall 2010
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of molecules are able to cross the cell membrane? | small lipid soluble |
| What allows for transport of water soluble components across the membrane? | Proteins |
| Types of diffusion | Simple Facilitated Osmosis |
| Types of active transport | Primary Secondary |
| Types of secondary active transport | Co-transport (symport) Counter-transport (anti-port) |
| Diffusion is proportional to what three factors? | 1. Surface area 2. Concentration gradient 3. Number & size of openings |
| What lipid soluble molecules cross the membrane by simple diffusion? | Carbon Dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, alcohol |
| What water soluble molecules cross the membrane by simple diffusion? | water, ions |
| Protein channels are distinguished by what two characteristics? | 1) selectively permeable 2) Use gate that are regulated by electrical signals (voltage-gated) or chemicals binding to proteins (ligand gated channels) |
| Facilitated diffusion is AKA | carrier-mediated diffusion |
| What uses facilitated diffusion? | Glucose & amino acids |
| what is necessary for glucose & amino acids to enter the intestinal cells? | Na |
| Types of glucose transporters | INSULIN INDEPENDENT: Glut 1 transporter (brain & RBC) Glut 2 transporters (Liver) INSULIN DEPENDENT Glut 4 transporter (muscle & adipose) |
| Glut 1 transporter is used where? | Brain & RBC |
| Glut 2 transporter is used where? | Liver |
| Glut 4 transporter is used where? | Muscle & Adipose |
| Net diffusion is proportional to: | Concentration outside/concentration inside |
| What are the univalent ions | Cl, K, Na |
| Homeostasis is determined by what equation? | Nernst (for univalent ions) |
| Osmosis | flow of water across a membrane from lower to higher solute concentration |
| Osmotic Pressure | amount of force applied to prevent water from moving across membrane |
| Osmotic pressure depends on what? | number of particles in a solution |
| NaCl yields __ particles Glucose yields __ particles Albumin yields __ particles | 2 1 1 |
| Osmolarity | Isotonic, Hypertonic (water out), Hypotonic (water in) |
| Ions that require active transport | sodium, calcium, potassium, iodide, hydrogen, chloride, urate, iron |
| Nutrients that require active transport | glucose (& other sugars), most amino acids - to get into blood |
| Primary active transports what? | Na-K pump, Ca, Hydrogen |
| Na-K pump - number of receptors for Na and K - Inside has what activity? - Main function | 3 - Na on inside; 2 - K on outside ATPase Controls cell volume & maintains membrane potential |
| Calcium pump | Pumps Ca out of cell to extracellular space to get into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (which is outside the cytoplasm) and/or mitochondria |
| Hydrogen pump is located in what two places? | Parietal cells of stomach & distal tubules & collecting ducts of kidneys |
| Why is proton pump necessary in Kidneys | Takes out excess H+ ions from blood --> KI to be excreted in urine |
| Why is proton pump necessary in Stomach | H+ excreted into lumen to lower pH so pepsinogen can be converted to pepsin |
| Types of secondary transport? | Co-transport & counter-transport |
| Co-transport | Na goes out of cell by Na/K pump --> Na and glucose/amino acids bind to receptor site on antiluminal surface --> go into cell |
| Location & function of co-transport | Allows glucose & amino acids to be transported into the blood from epithelial cells of small intestines & renal tubules |
| What ions are involved in Counter-transport | Calcium, Hydrogen |
| Na-Ca counter transport pump - Location | Most cells, esp heart; moves Na from exterior --> interior of cell and moves Ca from interior --> exterior of cells |
| Na-H Counter Transport pump - Location | Proximal tubules of kidneys (whereas active transport of H+ occurs in distal tubules) As Na moves from lumen --> tubular cells; H+ is pumped into urine |
| Active transport through cellular sheets - location | Intestines, renal tubule, exocrine glands, gallbladder, choroid plexus of brain |
| What occurs during active transport through cellular sheets? | Na (gluc & Ca) goes from lumen into cell by diffusion then goes into blood, through basement membrane, by active transport |
Created by:
mrw2013
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