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2025-26 RWD's
RWD Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Globalization: | The process of the world becoming more interconnected as a result of increased trade and cultural exchange. |
| Enduring Issue: | A challenge or problem that society has faced and debated or discussed across time; many societies have attempted to address the issue with varying degrees of success. |
| Cultural Diffusion: | The spread of ideas, customs and technologies from one group of people to another. |
| Belief System: | A set of principles or tenets which together form the basis of a religion, philosophy or moral code. |
| Millet system: | Non-Muslim (Jewish and Christian) communities within the Ottoman Empire that had the power to govern themselves. In return for religious freedom, citizens in Millets owed loyalty to the Ottoman Empire. |
| Janissaries: | Member of an elite force in the army of the Ottoman Empire. |
| Ethnocentrism: | the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all others. |
| Social Hierarchy: | A system of ranking people within a society - some hierarchies allow social mobility and others do not. |
| Absolutism: | A system of government in which a monarch has complete authority and centralized power. |
| Divine right: | The belief held by Absolute Monarchs that the authority to rule comes directly from God. |
| Westernization: | The process of adopting Western ideas and culture in the areas of technology, law, lifestyle and values. Ex.) Peter the Great |
| Secular: | Having to do with worldly rather than religious matters. |
| Enlightenment: | A period in Western Europe when philosophers applied scientific ideas of reason to answer political questions such as how leaders should interact with their citizens. |
| Natural Rights: | Rights that belong to all humans from birth; they include life, liberty and property. **John Locke |
| Enlightened Despot: | Absolute monarchs who used their power to bring about positive political and social changes to their citizens. *Catherine the Great |
| Social Contract: | An agreement by which people give up some of their freedoms in order to avoid chaos. |
| Habeas Corpus: | The idea that a person can not be held in prison without first being charged with a crime. |
| Suffrage: | The right to vote. |
| Revolution | A great change in ideas, technology or government; revolutions can be political or nonpolitical. |
| Popular Sovereignty: | The principle that a government's power comes from the people. **”Consent of the governed.” |
| Deficit Spending: | When a government spends more money than it takes in. |
| Estates General: | A representative group in France of all 3 Estates. In meetings of the Estates General each Estate only got one vote. |
| Constitution: | A document detailing how a specific government operates and the fundamental laws of that country. |
| Emigres: | Members of the Clergy and Nobility who fled France during the revolution. |
| Treason: | To betray one’s own government or to aid a nation’s enemies. |
| Radicals: | People who favor drastic changes in society to achieve a goal or gain power. |
| Jacobins: | A political party during the French Revolution led by Maximilien Robespierre - they were responsible for the Reign of Terror. |
| Conservatism: | a set of beliefs held by those who want to preserve traditional ways. |
| Plebiscite: | A vote in which citizens express their opinion - used by Napoleon Bonaparte |
| Coup d’etat: | The act of overthrowing a government in favor of another - usually through violent means. |
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