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Westward Expansion

5th grade Unit 3

TermDefinition
Louisiana Purchase Territory in central and western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million
Gadsden Purchase 1853 purchase by the United States of southwestern lands from Mexico for $10 million
Treaty of Paris 1783 agreement that established the original border of US territory gained from England after the Revolutionary War
Adams-Onis Treaty Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States for $5 million in 1819
Manifest Destiny 1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent
Texas Annexation Area added to the US by agreement of both the US and the Republic of Texas in 1845. Land from the Republic of Texas later became parts of other states also.
Oregon Treaty Negotiation of the border between Oregon and Canada at the 49th parallel in 1846.
Mexican Cession Awarded after the Mexican American War in 1848. U.S. paid $15 million for 525,000 square miles
Trail of Tears The Cherokee Native Americans were forced to leave their lands. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey from the Southeast to West of the Mississippi river.
Seminole Wars The US battled with the Seminole peoples mainly over Florida land
Lewis and Clark Sent on an expedition by Thomas Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps
Sacagawea A Shoshone woman whose language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark
Daniel Boone Famous early pioneer who cleared Wilderness Road, a new route to the west
Oregon Trail Trail from Independence Missouri to Oregon used by many pioneers to find new land and escape hardships.
Mormon Trail About 1,600 Mormons, led by Brigham Young, followed part of the Oregon Trail to Utah. They were seeking religious freedom.
Santa Fe Trail The earliest trail, mostly for trade, moving cattle and military. From Independence Missouri to Santa Fe
California Trail A trail that led migrants (49ers) to California during the Gold Rush
Reasons for Westward Expansion - land ownership - technological advances - adventure - possibility of wealth - new beginning for former slaves -religious freedom
Pony Express A system of messengers on horseback established to carry mail across the United States
Steamboat Invented by Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston which made traveling upstream easier and led to the creation of more canals
Railroads Were essential to westward expansion because they made it easier to travel to and live in the west
Conestoga wagon Sturdy vehicle topped with white canvas and used by pioneers to move west
Missouri Compromise Agreement between pro and anti slavery sides. Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state. All states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states
Pacific Railroad Act Called for the building of the Transcontinental Railroad to stretch across America connecting California and the rest of America; signed by Abraham Lincoln
Homestead Act Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration
Telegraph An invention of an electric line that sends signals for communication using Morse Code and invented by Samuel Morse (basically very early emai
War of 1812 War between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by the British seizure of American ships and British aid to Native Americans. U.S. troops seized Florida and the British managed to burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent ended the war and required the U.S. to give back Florida
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