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Çatalhöyük
Based on article
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where was Çatalhöyük founded? | The town was founded approximately 9,000 years ago in central Turkey |
| What are some characteristics of the town? | It was the size of 24 football fields, people had to move about on the roofs, and the town grew to about 8,000 people and 2,000 houses |
| Who was the first excavator of Çatalhöyük? | James Mellaart, who worked at the site from 1961 to 1965. |
| What do the records from the excavation site show? | Rather than simply being a matriarchal or patriarchal society, the ethnographic evidence paints a more complicated picture. |
| What does the strongest scientific evidence about the status of men and women at Çatalhöyük suggest? | After analyzing the stable isotopes in the bones of the inhabitants, it was discovered that there was no clear difference in the wear of the teeth -- no visible disparities in the diet. |
| What else did the findings indicate? | The inhabitants of Çatalhöyük lived in small houses with little draft and lots of smoke from the fire. There was a black deposit lining the ribs, and both men and women spent a lot of time indoors breathing smoky air. |
| What is notable about the houses in Çatalhöyük? | Entry through the roof -- each house had a wooden stairway made of squared timber, and smoke from the hearth, oven, and lamps escaped through the same opening. |
| What bizarre finding was discovered during the excavation? | Most people were buried with the heads intact, but in some cases, the grave was reopened and the head was cut off with a knife. These heads were then kept and used for ceremonial purposes. |
| What did the excavators find when analyzing the hearth or oven of each domicile? | Large remains of cooking, but also high densities of obsidian that had been flaked to make stone tools. It's notable that the process of making the stone tools and domestic activities occurred in the same space. |
| What was the art in Çatalhöyük like? | Much of the art was masculine, with bearded figures hunting animals and wild animals like bulls and stags with erect penises |
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