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Unit 0
AP Psych Unit 0
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Biological Perspective | explains thoughts and behaviors by focusing on the physical and biological underpinnings of the human body, particularly the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics |
| Evolutionary Perspective | explains human and animal behavior through the lens of natural selection, emphasizing how traits and behaviors that promote survival and reproduction are passed down through generations |
| Psychodynamic Perspective | emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on behavior and personality |
| Behavioral Perspective | focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development. |
| Cognitive Perspective | views human behavior as a product of internal mental processes, such as thinking, memory, perception, language, and problem-solving |
| Social-cultural Perspective | a view of behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits (including their thinking) and their social context. |
| Humanistic Perspective | emphasizes an individual's inherent goodness, free will, and drive toward self-actualization—the process of becoming the best version of oneself |
| Biopsychosocial Perspective | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. |
| Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
| Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct — to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments |
| Hindsight Bias | the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.) |
| Experiment | a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (the dependent variable) |
| Non-Experiment | a research method that does not involve the manipulation of an independent variable or random assignment of participants to groups |
| Independent Variable | in an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. |
| Random Assignment | assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups. |
| Case Study | a non-experimental technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
| Correlation | a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other. |
| Meta-Analysis | a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion. |
| Naturalistic Observation | a non-experimental technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation. |
| Hypothesis | a testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
| Operational Definition | a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. |
| Dependent Variable | in an experiment, the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated. |
| Confounding Variable | in an experiment, a factor other than the factor being studied that might influence a study’s results. |
| Mean | average |
| Median | the number in the middle of a sequence in order from smallest to largest |
| Mode | the number in a sequence that is seen the most |
| Range | Range- the difference between the biggest |
| Standard Deviation | a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score |
| Defensible Claim | a clear, specific, and arguable statement about a psychological topic that can be supported or refuted with evidence and logical reasoning grounded in psychological theories, concepts, and research findings |
Created by:
gbonjour
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