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Public Policy quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| public policy | sum of gov activities, whether pursued directly or thru agents, as those activities have an influence on the lives of citizens |
| deciding not to take action | is a form of public policy |
| policy choices | to take or not to take action |
| who makes policy choices? | politicians, civil servants, appointees, etc. |
| example of policy choice | Trump deployed national guard in DC despite the "no carrying" rule there, which he chose not to enforce/implement |
| policy outputs | more tangible; spending money, hiring people, placing regulations, etc |
| policy impacts | effect on citizens |
| example of policy impact | did deploying the national guard in DC reduce crime? |
| levels of gov that make policy | all; federal and state (exec, jud, leg), local (cities, towns, counties), private sector |
| to make the most change, one must | work together; vote across party lines |
| high party polarization drawback | makes it difficult to work together, thus making it difficult to implement change |
| info about laws | only created by gov; often to protect/produce rights; burdens and benefits; regulate economic and social conditions |
| burdens and benefits of laws example | Obamacare: benefits = affordable health insurance; burden = paying a tax to not have Obamacare |
| controversial protection of rights example | gun reform: the right to live and go to school safely vs the right to bear arms |
| services example | trash and recycle pickup |
| services | direct services to citizens (often taxed); efficiency and expenditures (sometimes privatized to be cheaper) |
| money | taxes returned to economy; money transfers as inefficient means; un/restricted money disposal; categorical and block grants |
| taxes retuned to economy | transfer payment to citizens (tax return); reduce public debt; support activities and other levels of gov |
| categorical grants | more strict with how money can be used |
| block grants | more broad in how money can be spent |
| taxes | loopholes or expenditures, system as policy instrument, direct usage to implement policy decisions, tax incentives |
| loopholes or expenditures | tax breaks and cuts |
| tax incentives example | tax break for homes with solar panels |
| misc. economic tools | supply credit to farmer's purchase, guarantee loans; ensure certain activities and property, operate off budget |
| persuasion tool | use your power to convince public; use moral suasion; effective instrument based on gov legitimacy |
| examples of presidents who used their power to convince public of their ideals | Reagan and Trump |
| example of use of moral suasion in US | G W Bush "rally around the flag" after 9/11, allowed free reign; anything to fight terrorism |
| "nudge" in persuasion context | government can persuade individuals to support it |
| effects of tools | confer rights to citizens; distribute goods and services; distribute burdens and benefits |
| confer rights to citizens | legal and participatory, distribute cash benefits to citizens |
| distribute goods and services | give money to people, providing public services, structuring incentives (e.g. tax breaks to increase consumerism) |
| distribute burdens and benefits | thru taxation, citizens enjoy benefits and pay |
| example of distributing burdens and benefits | covid policy: quarantine directly affected domestic violence victims bc they're stuck, indirectly led to accessible help lines |
| environment of public policy | emergence of policies; depends on timing |
| characteristics of public policy environment | conservatism, participation, pragmatics, wealth, diversity, world leadership |
| policy is | result of interaction of background factors w/ desires and decisions of those who make policies |
| policy emerges from | interaction of large number of forces, many beyond control of decision-making |
| policy timing | Supreme Court waits until enough states support and people are ready |
| example of policy timing | allowing gay marriage; ruling then to overturn roe v wade |
| conservatism relating to US (conservative policies) | regulation and control over economy, underestimating public expenditures, overestimating conservatism |
| conservative policies in US examples | reversal of Roe v Wade; federal deficit reflects gov ideals (less "gov handouts"; taxes vs programs for poor; '16 and '24 elections |
| participation | citizens' desire to participate directly in gov thru voting, etc |
| forms of participation | voting; laws authorizing community action; direct participation in agency decision making |
| participation in US gov | only 65% of people in US vote |
| participation examples | fear federal bulldozer; decentralized decision-making; populism; demands for direct democracy |
| confer rights to citizens examples | freedom of speech; right to vote |
Created by:
lector_noche
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