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AP Human U2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth's surface | Population Distribution |
| the average number of people per unit of land area | Population Density |
| areas lying between 30 and 60 degrees north or south of the equator | Midlatitudes |
| a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors | Social Stratification |
| the average number of people per unit of land area | Arithmetic Population Density |
| the average number of people per unit area of arable land | Physiological Population Density |
| land suitable for cultivation | Arable |
| the number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis | Carrying Capacity |
| measures the number of people engaged in farming per unit area of arable land | Agricultural Population Density |
| the process of drawing new boundaries for US congressional districs to reflect the population changes since the previous US census | Redistricting |
| occurs when the human population exceeds the food supply | Overpopulation |
| graph tool that illustrates the distribution of different age groups and sexes within a population | Age-Sex Composition Graph |
| graph device for comparing age and sex structure | Population Pyramid |
| group of people who share a common characteristic | Cohort |
| fewer live births than deaths in a population over a period | Birth Deficit |
| a period marked by a significant increase of births | Baby Boom |
| a period marked by a significant decrease of births | Baby Bust |
| a subsequent increase in births that results from a large existing population cohort | Echo |
| number of dependents in a population that each 100 working age people must support | Dependency Ratio |
| segment of the population considered capable of working | Potential Workforce |
| people in a demographic group who are not considered economically productive | Dependent Population |
| the average number of births per 1000 people | Crude Birth Rate |
| average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime (15-49) | Total Fertility Rate |
| designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates | Anti-Natalist Policies |
| designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth | Pro-Natalist Policies |
| number of years a person can expect to live from birth | Life Expectancy |
| a measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births | Infant Mortality Rate |
| how crude birth rate and crude death rate as well as the resulting rate of natural increase change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization | Demographic Transition Model |
| wide base and narrow top, indicating a young population with high birth rates | Expansive Population Pyramid |
| theory that describes the historical shift in patterns of disease and mortality as societies develop | Epidemiological Transition Model |
| shows an even distribution of population across age groups | Stationary Population Pyramid |
| the average number of deaths per 1000 people | Crude Death Rate |
| difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population | Rate of Natural Increase |
| a person who arrives at their destination country | Immigrants |
| a person who leaves their country of origin | Emigrants |
| method for calculating total population of a country or place based on natural increase and migration over a period of time | Demographic Balancing Equation |
| the human population grows more rapidly than the food supply until famines, war or disease reduces the population | Malthusian Theory |
| long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another | Migration |
| migration that is done willingly | Voluntary Migration |
| factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else | Push Factors |
| attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants | Pull Factors |
| a person who has migrated to a new country in search of protection and legal status as a refugee | Asylum |
| complication that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination | Intervening Obstacles |
| says that most migrants move only a short distance | Ravenstein's Laws of Migration |
| a geographical term that describes how the influence of an activity, attribute, or phenomenon decreases as the distance between two locations increases. | Distance Decay |
| the flow of migrants between two locations is directly proportional to their sizes and inversely proportional to the distance between them | Gravity Model of Migration |
| migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places | Step Migration |
| fear of anyone or anything perceived as foreign, strange, or different from one's own identity group | Xenophobia |
| natural movement of people in the opposite direction of a main migration flow | Counter Migration |
| migrants going back, or returning, to their previous places of residence or origin | Return Migration |
| migration caused by forces out of one's control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects | Forced Migration |
| someone who remains within his or her country's borders despite being persecuted by their home country | Internally Displaced Person |
| person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion | Refugees |
| the process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place | Chain Migration |
| geographic area with a high concentration of a particular ethnic group | Ethnic Enclaves |
| a phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration | Brain Drain |
| a sum of money sent from one party to another | Remittances |
Created by:
clockwise1331
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