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APUSH Period 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| New England Colonies | Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire were colonies in the northeastern region of what is now the United States. |
| Middle Colonies | The mid-Atlantic region colonies include New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. |
| Southern Colonies | The colonies in the southern region include Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. |
| Corporate colonies | Colonies operated by joint-stock companies with charters granted by the English monarch. |
| Royal colonies | Colonies controlled directly by the English crown through appointed governors. |
| Proprietary colonies | Colonies granted to individuals or groups by the English monarch, who then had full governing rights. |
| Virginia Company | A joint-stock company that established the colony of Virginia and founded Jamestown. |
| Act of Toleration | A 1649 Maryland law that granted religious freedom to all Christians. |
| Rhode Island | A colony founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson, known for its religious tolerance. |
| Halfway covenant | A form of partial church membership adopted by the Puritans in New England. |
| Quakers | George Fox founded a religious group known for its pacifism, simplicity, and belief in the equality of all people. |
| Charter of Liberties (1701) | A constitution for the colony of Pennsylvania that established a representative assembly and guaranteed freedom of worship. |
| Roanoke Island | The site of the first English settlement in the Americas, which mysteriously disappeared. |
| Virginia | The Virginia Company established the first permanent English colony in America. |
| Plymouth Colony | The Pilgrims founded a colony in present-day Massachusetts. |
| Separatists | English Protestants who sought to separate from the Church of England, some of whom founded Plymouth Colony. |
| Pilgrims | English settlers who sought religious freedom and founded Plymouth Colony in 1620. |
| Mayflower | The ship that brought the Pilgrims to the New World. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | The Puritans founded a colony in present-day Massachusetts. |
| Puritans | English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England and establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | The first written constitution in America was adopted in Connecticut in 1639. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative assembly in the American colonies was established in Virginia. |
| Triangular trade | A trade system between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involved the exchange of goods, enslaved people, and raw materials. |
| Mercantilism | An economic theory that emphasizes the state's role in managing the economy, particularly through trade and colonial expansion. |
| Navigation Acts | A series of English laws that regulated trade between England and its colonies. |
| Dominion of New England | King James II created a union of several New England colonies, which was later dissolved after the Glorious Revolution. |
| Glorious Revolution | The overthrow of King James II of England in 1688 led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. |
| Indentured servants | Individuals agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to the New World and eventual freedom. |
| Headright system | This system attracted settlers to the American colonies by granting land to individuals who paid for their own or others' passage. |
| Wampanoag | A Native American tribe that lived in present-day Massachusetts and Rhode Island. |
| Metacom (King Philip) | Also known as King Philip, he was a Wampanoag leader who led a war against English settlers. |
| King Philip’s War (Metacom’s War) | A conflict between Native American tribes and English settlers in New England from 1675 to 1678. |
| Bacon’s Rebellion | Nathaniel Bacon led a 1676 rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley. |
| New England Confederation | An alliance of New England colonies was formed in 1643 for mutual defense. |
| Benjamin Franklin | An American polymath, Founding Father, and diplomat. |
| Poor Richard’s Almanack | A yearly almanac published by Benjamin Franklin that included weather predictions, proverbs, and other helpful information. |
| Phillis Wheatley | The first African American woman to publish a book of poetry and an outspoken abolitionist. |
| Great Awakening | A series of religious revivals focused on emotional preaching and personal conversion and challenged church authority in the American colonies during the 18th century. |
| Jonathan Edwards | A preacher and theologian who was a leading figure in the Great Awakening. Writer of the sermon “Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God” |
| George Whitefield | An evangelist who played a key role in the Great Awakening. |
| Cotton Mather | A Puritan minister and writer known for his involvement in the Salem witch trials. |
| Subsistence farming | Farming produces just enough food for the farmer and their family, with little or none left for sale. |
| Huguenots | French Protestants who fled religious persecution in France. |
| Hereditary aristocracy | A class of people who inherit titles and privileges by birth. |
| John Peter Zenger | A printer and journalist were acquitted of libel in a landmark case for freedom of the press. |
| Enlightenment | An intellectual movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason, science, and individualism over tradition and religious authority. |
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Mr. Kipp
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