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APUSH Period 1

TermDefinition
Land bridge A natural bridge made of land connected two larger landmasses, such as the Bering Land Bridge, which connected Asia and North America during the Ice Age.
Hohokam An ancient Native American culture centered in present-day Arizona was known for its advanced irrigation systems and agriculture.
Anasazi An ancient Native American culture of the southwestern United States, known for its cliff dwellings and pueblos.
Pueblos Native American villages of the southwestern United States were built of adobe or stone.
Adena-Hopewell Pre-Columbian Native American cultures were known for their burial mounds and earthworks in the Ohio Valley.
Woodland Mound Builders Native American cultures constructed various earthen mounds for religious, ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.
Mayas An ancient civilization of Mesoamerica, known for its advanced writing, mathematics, and astronomical systems.
Aztecs A Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico, known for its large empire and advanced civilization.
Inca A South American civilization in the Andes, known for its vast empire and impressive engineering feats.
Corn (maize) A staple crop cultivated by Native American societies became an important food source in the Americas.
A group of Native American languages spoken by tribes in the northeastern United States and Canada.
Siouan A family of Native American languages spoken by tribes in the central United States.
Longhouses Large, rectangular houses were used by some Native American tribes, particularly the Iroquois.
Iroquois Confederation A powerful alliance of six Native American nations in the northeastern United States.
Gunpowder An explosive substance used in weapons and fireworks, invented by the Chinese and later used in European warfare.
Sailing compass A navigational instrument used to determine direction relative to the Earth’s magnetic poles.
Isabella and Ferdinand The Catholic Monarchs of Spain sponsored Christopher Columbus’s voyages to the New World.
Christopher Columbus An Italian explorer credited with discovering the Americas in 1492 under the sponsorship of Spain.
Henry the Navigator A Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and the exploration of Africa’s west coast.
Treaty of Tordesillas A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal divided newly discovered lands along a meridian.
Protestant Reformation A religious movement in the 16th century that resulted in the creation of Protestant churches and a break from the Catholic Church.
Nation-states Sovereign states are inhabited by people who share a common nationality and culture.
Smallpox A highly contagious and deadly disease brought to the Americas by Europeans, which decimated Native American populations.
Capitalism An economic system is characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the pursuit of profit.
Joint-stock company A business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders, used to fund exploration and colonization.
Encomienda A Spanish system where colonists were granted the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in exchange for protection and Christian teaching.
Asiento A license issued by the Spanish crown allowing a person or company to supply enslaved Africans to Spanish colonies in the Americas.
Slavery The practice of owning individuals as property and forcing them to work without pay.
Conquistadores Spanish conquerors of the Americas sought wealth, land, and the spread of Christianity.
Hernan Cortes A Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
Francisco Pizarro A Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Inca Empire.
Slave trade The business of buying and selling humans as enslaved people, particularly the transatlantic trade of enslaved Africans to the Americas.
Middle Passage The sea journey was undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas, known for its brutal and deadly conditions.
New Laws of 1542 Legislation was passed by the Spanish crown to protect Native Americans from abuse and to end the encomienda system.
Bartolome de Las Casas A Spanish priest and missionary who advocated for the rights of Native Americans and worked to end their enslavement.
Juan Gines de Sepulveda A Spanish philosopher who argued in favor of the enslavement and harsh treatment of Native Americans.
Valladolid Debate There was a debate in the Spanish court about the treatment of Native Americans, involving figures like Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda.
Cultural Syncretism Blending different cultural traditions and practices into a new, cohesive culture.
Created by: Mr. Kipp
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