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Reading 5.11
Failure of Reconstruction
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Redeemers | Southern conservatives who retook control of state governments in the South from Republicans near the end of Reconstruction and imposed programs focused on states’ rights and White supremacy. |
| Ku Klux Klan | White supremacy group founded in the South during Reconstruction who used extreme tactics and violence to intimidate African Americans and White reformers |
| Force Acts | Laws passed by Congress to give the federal government the authority needed to stop the violence of the Ku Klux Klan and protect the civil rights of African Americans. |
| Black Codes | Laws passed by Southern legislatures under President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan that restricted the rights and movements of African Americans. |
| Sharecropping | New labor system in Southern agriculture that replaced slavery and allowed people to farm for themselves, but forced many former slaves to continue to depend on their landowners for survival. |
| Amnesty Act of 1872 | Removed the last restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for the top leaders, which allowed Southern conservatives to regain control of state governments in the South. |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | Nineteenth president of the United States and former Governor of Ohio, his ascent to the presidency was marred in controversy over the Compromise of 1877, which ended Reconstruction. |
| Samuel J. Tilden | Democratic nominee for the presidency in the election of 1876 who won the popular vote, but lost the presidency as a result of the controversial Compromise of 1877. |
| Election of 1876 | Controversial and contested election between Democrat Samuel J. Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes that was awarded to Hayes after the Compromise of 1877. |
| Compromise of 1877 | Agreement between Republicans and Democrats to allow Rutherford B. Hayes to become president in the contested election of 1876 in exchange for ending Reconstruction. |