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Reconstruction

TermDefinition
Andrew Johnson President after Lincoln’s assassination, he favored leniency for the South, which led to conflict with Radical Republicans and Congress and culminated in impeachment proceedings in 1868.
Reconstruction Plan for rebuilding and readmitting the Southern states into the Union after the Civil War, which caused a great divide between President Johnson and Radical Republicans in Congress.
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863) President Lincoln’s lenient plan for Reconstruction that required oaths of allegiance to the Constitution and supporting the emancipation of slaves.
Wade-Davis Bill (1864) More restrictive Reconstruction plan passed by Congress, which was pocket-vetoed by President Lincoln.
Freedmen's Bureau National government agency that was meant to assist former slaves with housing, food and education, however, the agency’s funding was ended in 1870.
Congressional Reconstruction Second round of Reconstruction dominated by Radical Republicans in Congress, who took steps to protect African Americans and prevent former Confederates from gaining power.
Radical Republicans Members of the Republican Party who demanded a harsh Reconstruction policy in order to punish the Southern states for seceding and protect the rights of African Americans.
Charles Sumner Leader of the Radical Republicans in the Senate along with Thaddeus Stevens, who led the Radical Republicans in the House of Representatives.
13th Amendment Amendment passed during Reconstruction that banned slavery.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 Law passed by Republicans that pronounced all African Americans were citizens, however, Republicans feared the law was not strong enough and pushed for a constitutional amendment.
14th Amendment Guarantees the rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States and requires that the laws must provide equal protection and due process to all people.
Equal Protection of the Laws Clause of the 14th Amendment that requires all laws be applied equally to all citizens.
Due Process of Law Clause of the 14th amendment that requires all citizens be treated fairly according to established rules and principles under the law.
Reconstruction Acts Passed by Congress over President Johnson's vetoes, these laws placed the South under military occupation and increased the requirements for getting readmitted to the Union.
Tenure of Office Act (1867) Law that prohibited the president from removing a federal official without Senate approval that was passed by Congress over President Johnson’s veto.
Edwin Stanton Secretary of War that was dismissed by President Johnson in defiance of the Tenure of Office Act, which led to Johnson’s impeachment, but he avoided removal by one vote in the Senate.
Impeachment House of Representatives votes to officially accuse a federal official of misconduct, which if passed results in a trial in the Senate and potential removal from office.
15th Amendment Amendment passed during Reconstruction which prohibits the denial of voting rights to any citizen based on “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
Civil Rights Act of 1875 Reconstruction law that guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited courts from excluding African Americans from juries, but was poorly enforced.
Scalawags Derisive term Southern Democrats used for Southerners who were sympathetic to Republican policies, ideas and programs.
Carpetbaggers Derisive term Southern Democrats used for Northern newcomers after the Civil War who came to the South for political and economic opportunities.
Blanche K. Bruce One of two African Americans elected in the South to the Senate during the Reconstruction Era, which caused bitter resentment among ex-Confederates.
Hiram Revels One of two African Americans elected in the South to the Senate during the Reconstruction Era and became famous for taking the Mississippi Senate seat once held by Jefferson Davis.
Spoilsmen Name for Republican leaders who started to take charge in the early 1870s and were master political manipulators through patronage.
Thaddeus Stevens Radical Republican leader and reformer in the House of Representatives who supported a harsh Reconstruction policy and protecting the rights of African Americans.
Benjamin Wade Radical Republican leader and reformer in the Senate who supported a harsh Reconstruction policy and protecting the rights of African Americans.
Patronage Politicians giving jobs and government favors (spoils) to people who supported them and helped them get elected.
Jay Gould Wall Street financier who along with Jay Gould obtained the help of President Grant’s brother-in-law in a scheme to corner the gold market, which was broken up eventually by the Treasury.
Crédit Mobilier Congressional controversy that involved a railroad company giving stocks to influential members of Congress to avoid investigation into illegal profits from government subsidies.
William Tweed Boss of the local Democratic Party and associated political machine Tammany Hall in New York City who masterminded dozens of schemes for stealing taxpayer money.
Thomas Nast Political cartoonist who exposed the corruption of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York, which resulted in Tweed’s arrest and imprisonment.
Horace Greeley Editor of the New York Tribune and presidential candidate for reform-minded liberal Republicans in the election of 1872.
Liberal Republicans Reform-minded Republicans who split from the corruption infested Grant administration and advocated for civil-service reform and withdrawing of troops from the South.
Panic of 1873 Economic disaster during President Grant’s second term caused by overspeculation in industry and railroads that rendered thousands of Northern laborers both jobless and homeless
Women’s Suffrage Right to vote for women, which started in the western territories with Wyoming in 1869, but would not be passed nationally until the 19th Amendment in 1920.
Created by: user-1961066
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