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Reading 5.9
Government Policies During the Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Habeas Corpus | Right to be informed of the specific charges against you before being held in prison, which was controversially suspended by President Lincoln during the Civil War. |
| Confiscation Acts | Laws passed by Congress during the Civil War that allowed the Union military to seize enemy property and free any people enslaved by individuals currently rebelling. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | President Lincoln’s Executive Order issued after the Union victory at Antietam that decreed all slaves in currently rebelling states were now free and made the war about ending slavery. |
| Massachusetts 54th Regiment | All black military unit of the Union army made up of free African Americans and former slaves who served valiantly in the face of racism and discrimination. |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and wanted a negotiated peace. |
| Ex parte Milligan | Landmark SCOTUS case after the Civil War, which ruled the application of military tribunals to citizens when civilian courts are still operating is unconstitutional. |
| Gettysburg Address | Famous speech given by President Lincoln to honor Union soldiers and help keep the North committed to winning the Civil War and securing the ideals of freedom and democratic government. |
| Greenbacks | Paper currency issued by the U.S. Treasury to help pay for the war effort, however, they were not backed by gold and contributed to massive inflation during the Civil War. |
| Morrill Tariff Act (1861) | Raised tariff rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers during the Civil War. |
| Homestead Act (1862) | Law that promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering parcels of 160 acres of public land for free to any person who moved onto the land and farmed it for at least five years. |
| Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) | Encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to found and maintain agricultural and technical colleges, which became centers of research and innovation. |
| Federal Land Grants | Large parcels of land gifted by the national government to states or businesses either as payment or in order to promote certain activities such as funding higher education. |
| Pacific Railway Act (1862) | Authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the western and eastern states and economies together. |
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