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Reading 5.6

Failure of Compromise

TermDefinition
Franklin Pierce 14th president of the United States who was nominated by the Democrats as a compromise candidate because he was a Northerner who supported the Fugitive Slave Law.
Stephen A. Douglas Democratic senator from Illinois who proposed using the idea of popular sovereignty in the Kansas-Nebraska Act in order to gain Southern support for a central transcontinental railroad.
Kansas-Nebraska Act Law proposed by Senator Stephen A. Douglas that would allow for popular sovereignty in the Kansas and Nebraska territories, which ultimately led to violence over the issue of slavery.
New England Emigrant Aid Company Organization founded by Northern abolitionists and Free-Soilers in order to pay for the transportation of antislavery settlers to Kansas.
Bleeding Kansas Breakout of violence between proslavery and antislavery groups in the Kansas territory over whether to allow slavery in the territory.
Pottawatomie Creek Proslavery farm settlement in Kansas that was attacked by radical abolitionist John Brown and his supporters in retaliation for proslavery forces attacking the free-soil town of Lawrence.
Sumner-Brooks Incident Beating of a Northern senator who gave an antislavery speech by a Southern representative in the Senate chamber, which outraged the North, but many Southerners applauded the deed.
Know-Nothing Party Political organization that formed over nativist fears against Catholic immigrants, but fell into decline as slavery became the dominant political issue in the country.
Republican Party New political organization that was strictly a Northern, or sectional, party and formed as an alliance of Free-Soilers and antislavery Whigs and Democrats in order to stop the spread of slavery.
John C. Frémont 1st Republican nominee in a presidential campaign, he ran on a platform of stopping the spread of slavery, free homesteads and supporting a probusiness protective tariff.
Millard Fillmore Former president who ran in the presidential election of 1856 as a candidate for the nativist Know-Nothing Party.
James Buchanan 15th president of the United States who was nominated by the Democrats and proved extremely ineffective at holding the country together in the face of increasing sectional tensions.
Lecompton Constitution Proslavery state constitution written by Missourians who crossed the border into Kansas and was supported by President Buchanan, but was rejected by Congress and Kansas settlers.
Dred Scott v. Sandford Landmark SCOTUS case, which ruled African Americans were not citizens, Congress could not exclude slavery from a territory and the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
Roger Taney Chief Justice of SCOTUS during Dred Scott v. Sandford and strong supporter of the South and slavery.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates Illinois senatorial candidate debates in 1858 between a free-soil Republican and a Democrat in favor of popular sovereignty that propelled Lincoln into the national arena.
Abraham Lincoln Republican free-soil candidate from Illinois for Senate in 1858 who eventually became the Republican nominee for the presidency in 1860 and became the 16th president of the United States.
House-Divided Speech Famous address given by Lincoln as part of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates in which Lincoln made it clear he believed the country could not survive as half slave and half free.
Freeport Doctrine Douglas’s attempt to reconcile his belief in popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision, he argued that territories could effectively forbid slavery by failing to enact slave codes.
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