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Reading 5.5
Sectional Conflict: Regional Differences
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Irish | Group of immigrants who came to the United States in order to flee a devastating famine at home and sought opportunity in American cities, but often faced discrimination because of their Roman Catholic religion. |
| Roman Catholic | Religion practiced by many Irish immigrants that was used as a justification by Nativists for discriminating against the Irish. |
| Tammany Hall | Political machine of the Democratic Party in New York City that appealed to immigrants in order to secure votes and was well known for corruption and graft. |
| Germans | Group of immigrants who came to the United States in order to flee economic hardships and failed democratic revolutions at home and sought opportunity in the American Midwest. |
| Nativism | Anti-immigrant ideology that grew popular during the 1840s against Catholic immigrants such as the Irish and Germans and led to the creation of the Know-Nothing Party. |
| Industrial Technology | Advancements in manufacturing that allowed for the rise of factories mostly in the states of the American Northeast, but also allowed for improved transportation and agriculture. |
| Railroads | Transportation advancement that greatly increased the efficiency of transporting goods and people across land, opened up the West to more settlers and led to large and wealthy corporations. |
| Elias Howe | Inventor of the sewing machine (perfected by Isaac Singer), which led to the rise of clothing production occurring in factories rather than in the home. |
| Samuel Morse | Inventor of the telegraph and Morse Code, which greatly increased the efficiency of communication across the country. |
| Panic of 1857 | Financial downturn that greatly hurt the industrial East and the agricultural West, but did little damage to the South, reinforcing the South’s view that their economic system was superior. |
| Fugitive Slave Law | Part of the Compromise of 1850 that allowed Southerners to send slave hunters into Northern soil to retrieve runaway slaves, but many Northerners resented the law and actively resisted it. |
| Underground Railroad | Loose network of activists who aided enslaved people escape to freedom in the North or Canada in direct defiance of the Fugitive Slave Act. |
| Harriet Tubman | One of the most famous and successful conductors of the Underground Railroad who was a former slave and helped at least 300 people escape slavery. |
| Uncle Tom’s Cabin | Influential book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, who inspired many Northerns to actively be opposed to slavery and increased sectional tension over slavery. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, who inspired many Northerns to actively be opposed to slavery and increased sectional tension over slavery. |
| Impending Crisis of the South | Book written by Hinton Helper, who used data and statistics to try and prove that slavery was actually hindering the South’s economy. |
| Hinton Helper | Author of Impending Crisis of the South, who used data and statistics to try and prove that slavery was actually hindering the South’s economy. |
| Sociology for the South | Book written by proslavery author George Fitzhugh, who questioned the principle of equal rights for “unequal men” and attacked the industrial wage system as worse than slavery. |
| George Fitzhugh | Proslavery author of Sociology for the South, who questioned the principle of equal rights for “unequal men” and attacked the industrial wage system as worse than slavery. |
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