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Reading 3.4
Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enlightenment | Intellectual movement led by philosophers such as John Locke and Montesquieu that focused on reason over religion and emphasized the role of the individual in solving societal problems. |
| Deism | Belief in God held by many Enlightenment thinkers, but in one who had established natural laws in creating the universe and then rarely intervened by allowing people to make their own choices. |
| Rationalism | Belief held by many Enlightenment thinkers to trust human reason to understand the natural world and respond to societal issues. |
| Social Contract | Enlightenment concept of the people holding all societal power, but entering an agreement to give up some of that power to form a government in exchange for protection of life and liberty. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who helped create the idea of the social contract, which heavily influenced colonial leaders such as John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Enlightenment philosopher who built on John Locke’s idea of the social contract in his work The Social Contract, which influenced many colonial leaders. |
| Thomas Paine | Colonial leader and author who wrote Common Sense and was one of the earliest advocates for complete separation from the British empire and the forming of a new independent country. |
| Common Sense | Widely read and influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that included easy to understand arguments for colonial independence and direct attacks on King George III and the monarchy. |
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