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Reading 2.3
Regions of British Colonies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Corporate Colonies | Types of British colonies that were largely private enterprises who were granted broad authority to rule a certain area in the Americas. |
| Royal Colonies | Types of British colonies directly formed and controlled under the authority of the British Crown and were usually administered by a royal governor. |
| Proprietary Colonies | Types of British colonies granted to individual(s) by the British Crown and then owned and controlled by those individual(s). |
| Virginia Company | British joint-stock company that founded Jamestown and was the first British joint-stock company to found a colony in what would become the modern United States. |
| Joint-Stock Company | New type of business that was developed to help fund expensive and dangerous voyages through spreading the risk around to multiple investors, which promoted growth. |
| Jamestown | Settlement founded by the Virginia Company and the first permanent British settlement in what would become the modern United States. |
| Captain John Smith | Militaristic leader who kept Jamestown from collapsing by organizing work gangs to gather food, build shelters and focus on survival. |
| John Rolfe | Discovered that a strain of tobacco native to the Americas could be grown in Jamestown, which gave Virginia a major cash crop to make it an economically successful colony. |
| Pocahontas | Daughter of Chief Powhatan who helped the settlers of Jamestown, married John Rolfe and visited England where she died of smallpox in 1619. |
| Virginia | Southern and Chesapeake region corporate colony founded in 1606 that relied heavily on the production of crash crops and forced labor systems. |
| Plymouth Colony | One of the earliest successful colonies founded by the British in North America in the New England territory. |
| Separatists | A more extreme group of Puritans who came to North America and started their own congregations in Plymouth because they felt the Church of England could not be saved. |
| Pilgrims | Group that felt they needed to abandon the Church of England and boarded the Mayflower in 1620 and ultimately settled Plymouth Plantation. |
| Mayflower | Ship that carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic from the Netherlands to Plymouth Plantation in 1620. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | New England Colony established by a British joint-stock company and mostly settled by Puritans who brought large families and believed in self-government. |
| Puritans | People who thought the Anglican Church retained too many Catholic traditions, many of whom fled to the New World in the early 1600s and established religious communities. |
| John Winthrop | Leader of the Puritan migration in Boston who planned the colony as a Christian model to the world (City on a Hill), which resulted in a relatively stable and prosperous city. |
| Great Migration | Many Puritans relocated to the British colonies in North America from Europe during the 1630s and established religious communities with large families and self-government. |
| Cecil Calvert | First proprietary colony charter granted to this person, who sought to establish a safe area for Roman Catholics in Maryland. |
| Act of Toleration (1649) | Law passed in Maryland that assured freedom for different types of Christian worship, which established the basis of American religious toleration. |
| Rhode Island | New England colony created through the combining of different communities founded by leaders exiled from Massachusetts over religious and governmental differences. |
| Roger Williams | Helped found religiously tolerant Rhode Island after being banished from Massachusetts for challenging Puritan ideas and promoting the separation of church and state. |
| Providence | Settlement founded by Roger Williams as a religious safe haven that recognized the rights of Native Americans and later became part of the colony of Rhode Island. |
| Anne Hutchinson | Helped found religiously tolerant Rhode Island after being forced to leave the colony of Massachusetts for supporting the idea of antinomianism and openly questioning strict Puritan doctrines. |
| Antinomianism | Controversial interpretation of Puritan beliefs commonly associated with Anne Hutchinson that faith alone, not deeds, was needed for salvation. |
| Connecticut | New England colony founded by Thomas Hooker and other Puritans from Massachusetts who wanted to place a greater emphasis on self-government and religious reform. |
| Thomas Hooker | Leader of a group of Puritans from Massachusetts who helped found the colony of Connecticut for increased self-government and religious reform. |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) | Founding document drafted by settlers of Connecticut, which is also known as the first “modern constitution” establishing a democratically controlled government. |
| John Davenport | Puritan religious leader who founded the colony of New Haven, which was later merged into the colony of Connecticut. |
| New Hampshire | New England colony that was granted a royal charter after King Charles II split it from Massachusetts. |
| Halfway Covenant | Arrangement that allowed members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves to participate in some church affairs. |
| Carolinas | Southern colonies that were given royal charters by King Charles II that relied heavily on growing cash crops. |
| Rice-Growing Plantations | Large farms mostly in the South that predominantly grew a foodstuff cash crop after tobacco prices began to fall. |
| Tobacco Farms | Most often located in Southern colonies, these farms relied heavily on slavery to grow a major cash crop that was proven to be economically viable at Jamestown. |
| New York | Middle colony that was originally a Dutch colony, but the British took it and King Charles II gave the colony to his brother James, the Duke of York, who renamed the colony New York. |
| New Jersey | Middle colony that was split from New York by James, the Duke of York, to help settle some of his debts. |
| Pennsylvania | Middle colony founded by William Penn to serve as a religious refuge for Quakers and other followers of persecuted religions. |
| Delaware | Middle colony that was split from Pennsylvania by William Penn, but followed many of William Penn’s beliefs such as freedom of religion. |
| Chesapeake Colonies | North America British colonies region that included the Southern colonies of Virginia and Maryland, which were known for their large tobacco farms. |
| Holy Experiment | William Penn’s ideal hope for the colony of Pennsylvania to be a religious refuge with a representative assembly that was respectful and fair to Native Americans. |
| William Penn | Founder of the middle colonies of Pennsylvania and Delaware who believed strongly in religious freedom and representative government. |
| Quakers | Christian religious group that was often persecuted for their beliefs such as pacifism and individualism over traditional authority figures. |
| Frame of Government (1682) | Document crafted by William Penn that guaranteed a representative government and a written constitution in Pennsylvania. |
| Charter of Liberties (1701) | Document signed by William Penn, which established a representative assembly in Pennsylvania, and stated that Delaware could establish their own representative assembly. |
| Georgia | Southern colony established by James Oglethorpe to serve as a refuge for British debtors and as a buffer between the other Southern colonies and Spanish controlled Florida. |
| James Oglethorpe | Founder of Georgia who ran the colony through military-like control and strict rules including the banning of alcohol and Catholicism. |
| House of Burgesses | Representative assembly founded in 1619 in Virginia, which essentially relaxed the colony’s military regime and established the ideal of self-rule in the colonies. |
| Mayflower Compact (1620) | Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth and established the foundation for self-government in the British colonies. |
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