Narrow strip of land that connected Alaska and Siberia thousands of years ago that ancient peoples used to cross from Asia into the Americas.

Advanced Native American empire located in the Yucatán Peninsula whose civilization included a unique system of writing, math, architecture, and astronomy.

Advanced and militarily strong Native American empire located in modern day Mexico that was conquered by Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores in 1521.

Powerful Native American empire along the West Coast of South America that was destroyed by Francisco Pizarro.

One of the most important crops grown by Native American peoples in the New World and helped prompt the shift from nomadic hunting bands to settled agricultural villages.

Semi-nomadic groups of Native Americans located in the Northeast with many different dialects that used hunting, fishing and gathering as opposed to agriculture.

Family of Native American languages spoken predominantly by the tribes of the Great Plains such as the Sioux and related tribes.

Native American culture of the American Southwest that built stable cities, confederations and utilized canals to successfully farm in the desert.

Ancestral Pueblos of the American Southwest that built cities that included multi-level “apartment” buildings and utilized advanced irrigation to successfully farm in the desert.

Native American culture of the American Southwest that derived from the Anasazi and built similar cities with multi-level “apartment” buildings and utilized advanced irrigation.

Semi-nomadic tribes of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys who built elaborate mounds and maintained extensive trade networks.

Large wooden dwellings typically built by the Iroquois that housed multiple families.

Iroquois Confederation

Powerful alliance of five Native American nations that consolidated power along the Great Lakes Region and maintained a successful relationship with the English.

Woodland Mound Builders

Native American tribes of the Atlantic Seaboard who built large mounds and heavily relied on fishing and agriculture for survival.

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Reading 1.2

Native American Societies Before European Contact

Term	Definition
Bering Land Bridge	Narrow strip of land that connected Alaska and Siberia thousands of years ago that ancient peoples used to cross from Asia into the Americas.
Mayas	Advanced Native American empire located in the Yucatán Peninsula whose civilization included a unique system of writing, math, architecture, and astronomy.
Aztecs	Advanced and militarily strong Native American empire located in modern day Mexico that was conquered by Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores in 1521.
Incas	Powerful Native American empire along the West Coast of South America that was destroyed by Francisco Pizarro.
Corn (Maize)	One of the most important crops grown by Native American peoples in the New World and helped prompt the shift from nomadic hunting bands to settled agricultural villages.
Algonquian	Semi-nomadic groups of Native Americans located in the Northeast with many different dialects that used hunting, fishing and gathering as opposed to agriculture.
Siouan	Family of Native American languages spoken predominantly by the tribes of the Great Plains such as the Sioux and related tribes.
Hohokam	Native American culture of the American Southwest that built stable cities, confederations and utilized canals to successfully farm in the desert.
Anasazi	Ancestral Pueblos of the American Southwest that built cities that included multi-level “apartment” buildings and utilized advanced irrigation to successfully farm in the desert.
Pueblos	Native American culture of the American Southwest that derived from the Anasazi and built similar cities with multi-level “apartment” buildings and utilized advanced irrigation.
Adena-Hopewell	Semi-nomadic tribes of the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys who built elaborate mounds and maintained extensive trade networks.
Longhouses	Large wooden dwellings typically built by the Iroquois that housed multiple families.
Iroquois Confederation	Powerful alliance of five Native American nations that consolidated power along the Great Lakes Region and maintained a successful relationship with the English.
Woodland Mound Builders	Native American tribes of the Atlantic Seaboard who built large mounds and heavily relied on fishing and agriculture for survival.

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