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PoeticsbyAristotle
Aristotle's poetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 4 elements of a good character? | 1. make them good 2. make them appropriate 3. make them realistic 4. make them consistent |
| why did poetry develop? | people are born/love to imitate |
| what is always preferable to an "unconvincing possibility"? | a convincing impossibility |
| what are the 6 parts of every tragedy? | plot, thought, melodoy, spectacle, character, and diction |
| definition of tragedy | "the imitation of an actor that is serious and complete in itself, with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish its catharsis." |
| what 2 original groups did poetry divide into? | tragedy and comedy |
| what are the 3 forms of characters to be avoided? | 1. a good man passing from happiness to misery 2. a bad man passing from misery to happiness 3. an extremely bad man falling from happiness to misery |
| definition of peripety | a change from one state to its opposite |
| what 2 emotions is tragedy supposed to create? | fear and pity |
| pity is created because | it is undeserved |
| fear is created because | it could happen to us |
| complex plot | -peripity and discovery -complicated twists and turns (change in fortune w/ reversal or recognition) —preferred type of plot |
| definition of discovery | a change from ignorance to knowledge |
| what is more important: actions or character's personalities? | actions |
| catharsis | a purging of emotion; in a tragedy: tying up of loose ends, feeling of relief |
| history vs. tragedy | history-deals w/ something that has been tragedy-deals w/something that might be |
| why do we pity the character? | his punishment is undeserved |
| simple plot | straightforward (change in fortune without reversal or recognition) |
| if you have to include something in the plot that is unlikely | include it outside of the play (reported by messengers, or have it previously occurred chronologically) |
| everything in the play must be (reasonable, unreasonable) | reasonable (it has to make sense) |
| why did poetry develop? | people like imitation |
| why do people like imitation | "learning is one of the greatest pleasures, no matter how small the capacity for it is." |
| how is poetry imitation | by means of language, rhythm and harmony |
| comedy | -Ignoble (immoral) -Invective (criticizing) |
| Tragedy | -Noble -Panegyric |
| beginnings & endings are (definate, ambigous) | definate |
| the plot is (concise, long-winded) | concise |
| the plot is (unified, disjointed) | unified |
| the plot is (in need of a sequel, complete in itself) | complete in itself |
| how do you write a plot? | Start with something simple and improve upon it later |
| best types of discovery | -surprise -probable discovery by accident |
| worst type of discovery | discovery through signs (memories, reasoning, pictures, etc) |
| plot must include suffering | -3rd part of plot -actions of destruction or painful nature -ex. murders, torture, or wounds |
| Tragedy should arouse ____ and ____, and the incidents should be __________ and __________ | pity & fear; unexpected & intentional |
| names used in tragedies | historically accurate & recognizable |
| names used in comedy | can come from anywhere |
| poetry describes what _______ happen | may |
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