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Ch 8 vocab 9/14/10
test taken
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
| muckraker | writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in policies or business |
| Lincoln Steffens | leading muckraker whos reports exposed government corruptions and presidential scandals |
| Jacob Riis | influential muckraker who was a photographer that took pictures of families in tenement housing that shocked the nation |
| Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late 19th century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| settlement house | community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor |
| Jane Addmas | young woman who became a leading figure in the settlement house movement |
| direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
| initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
| referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
| recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their term ends |
| Florence Kelley | woman that believed that women are hurt by unfair prices of goods they have to buy for homes; helped found the National Consumers League (NCL) |
| National Consumers League (NCL) | group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
| temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problem created by it |
| Margaret Sanger | nurse the thought that family life and womens' health would improve with less children. In 1916 opened the country's first birth control clinic and was arrested several times; formed American Birth Control League, made information available to more women |
| Ida B. Wells | an African American female teacher who helped form the National Association of Colored Women |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | a woman speaker who traveled around the country telling women to join the National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| Alice Paul | social activist leader who believed it took drastic steps to win the vote; recruited many women nationwide and formed the National Womens Party (NWP) Used public protest marches and extreme strikes to help womens right to vote |
| Nineteenth Amendment | passes in June 1914 by Congress that gave women the right to vote |
| Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
| Booker T. Washington | nations' most visible African American leader who told blacks to move slowly toward racial progress |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | African American who rejected Washington's view. Told African Americans to immediately demand all rights promised by the constitution |
| Niagara Movement | founded in 1905, group of African American thinkers that pushed for immediate racial reforms, especially voting and education |
| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) | interracial organization founded in 1909 to stop segregation, discrimination, and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
| Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in cities |
| Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and Verbal attacks and false statements |
| mutualstias | Mexican American group that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| Theodore Roosevelt | president in 1901 who had a reputation of being smart, energetic, and opinionated. Became president after McKinley got assassinated |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned interstate shipment and sale of impure food and mislabeling food and drugs |
| John Muir | California naturalist whose efforts led to Congress creating Yosemite National Park in 1890 |
| Gifford Pinchot | led the Division of Forestry in U.S. Department of Agriculture. Recommended forests to be protected so trees mature, then use for lumber |
| National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government power to decide where and how water would be distributed through building/managing dams and irrigation projects |
| New Nationalism | Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore government's trust-busting power |
| Progressive party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican party in 1912 |
| Woodrow Wilson | Democratic candidate who won presidency; his doctoral thesis "Congressional Government" launched him to success |
| New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 amendment that let Congress levy income tax |
| Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed banks under control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, supervises commercial banks |
| Federal Trade Commission (FTC) | government agency in 1914 that identified monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |
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myrannaknight
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