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CLOSTRIDIUM

QuestionAnswer
CLOSTRIDIUM Species • Clostridium tetani • Botulinum • Clostridium perfringens • Clostridium septicum • Clostridium difficile
Clostridium tetani: Distinguishing Features large gram-positive, spore-forming rods; anaerobes; produces tetanus toxin/tetanospasmin.
Clostridium tetani: Pathogenesis •Spores produce tetanospasmin •Retrograde axonal transport to CNS via dynein •Binds to ganglioside receptors •Blocks release of inhibitory mediators (glycine and GABA) at spinal synapses •Excitatory neurons are unopposed → extreme muscle spasm
Clostridium tetani: Treatment • Hyperimmune human globulin (TIG) to neutralize toxin plus metronidazole or penicillin • Spasmolytic drugs (diazepam); debride; delay closure
Clostridium tetani: Disease • Risus sardonicus • Opisthotonus • Extreme muscle spasms • Drooling, hydrophobia
Clostridium botulinum: Distinguishing Features • Anaerobic • Gram-positive spore-forming rods
Clostridium botulinum: –Neurotoxin –Lysogenized Clostridium botulinum –Heat labile 10 minutes 60.0°C –MOA: absorbed by gut and carried by blood to peripheral nerve synapses; blocks release of acetylcholine at myoneural junction, resulting in a reversible flaccid paralysis.
Created by: Jameel D. Wilson
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