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APUSH TT 2
Advanced Placement United States History Terms Test 2
Question | Answer |
---|---|
THE ENLIGHTENMENT | a philosophical movement of the 18th century that was marked by a rejection of traditional, social, religious, and political ideas, and an emphasis on rationalism |
JOHN LOCKE (SECOND TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT) | an English philosopher whose treatise stated that "a government is created by the people for the people" |
SALUTARY NEGLECT | neglect by England of her colonies in America; colonists did not enforce Parliament's Acts and began to believe that Parliament had no authority over them |
DISESTABLISHMENT | breakdown of English rule over the American colonies |
WRITS OF ASSISTANCE | general search warrants used by English customs agents to hunt out smuggled goods |
JAMES OTIS | eloquent lawyer who protested the legality of the Writs of Assistance; hired by Bostom merchants in 1761 to protest the writs, but the court upheld parliament's right to issue the writs; wrote the famous words, "No taxation without representation" |
GRENVILLE ACTS 1764-65 | acts included the Stamp, Sugar, and Currency Acts; designed to control trade and raise revenue; great opposition to these acts in the colonies, and enforcement of these acts began a chain of events that led to the Revolutionary War |
SUGAR ACT 1764 | lowered the duty on molasses by half, levied tax on sugar, and forbade importation of rum; enforcement threatened the triangular trade |
CURRENCY ACTS 1751, 1764 | first forbade Massachusetts from printing currency, second forbade all colonies from issuing currency; drained specie from the colonies and made money scarce |
STAMP ACT 1765 | declared that all printed materials must have a revenue stamp; attempted to raise 1/3 of the defense cost in America, but aroused great opposition from the vocal group (lawyers and merchants) in the colonies |
STAMP ACT CONGRESS 1765 | 27 delegates from 9 colonies drew up a statement protesting the unfairness of the Grenville Acts and sent it to King George III; one of the first united actions of the colonies |
DECLARATORY ACT 1766 | measure made virtual representation legal (allowed Parliament to make any laws for the colonies without representation of from the colonies); assertion of the right for parental authority in the colonies |
TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 | acts placed a light duty on glass, white lead, paper and tea; indirect tax that was paid at American ports; salaries for royal governors and judges would be paid with the revenue raised |
JOHN DICKINSON (LETTERS FROM A FARMER) 1767 | said that external taxes were illegal unless their primary purpose was to regulate trade (rather than raise revenue) |
PATRICK HENRY | American statesman and orator who stated, "Give me liberty or give me death," to incite revolution; one of the young and energetic revolutionaries |
SAMUEL ADAMS | second cousin of John _______, a political agitator and a leader of the American Revolution; led the Boston Tea Party and attended the First Continental Congress for Massachusetts; signed the Declaration of Independence |
SONS OF LIBERTY | group of radicals that tarred, feathered, hanged, and ransacked the houses of unpopular officials and stamp agents; boycotted English goods |
MASSACHUSETTS CIRCULAR LETTER 1770 | drafted by the Massachusetts legislature, distributed among coastal merchants, and urged all colonies to support the Nonimportation Agreements; agreements supported John Dickinson's arguments against the Townshend Acts |
BOSTON MASSACRE 1770 | March 5, 1770, 60 townspeople came up to a squad of British troops; mob threw rocks at the troops and taunted them to fight; British troops opened fire and shot 11, killing 5 people; leader of the mob was a black man named Crispus Attucks, also killed |
CAROLINA REGULATORS | organization of frontiersmen from North _________ who protested high taxes and corrupt courts |
BATTLE OF THE ALAMANCE 1771 | regulator movement had great momentum when the 2,500 Regulators met an eastern English army of 1,300; the Regulators were dispersed, but this incident made North Carolina dependent on British authority |
LORD FREDERICK NORTH | Tory and a loyal supporter of King George III; while serving as Prime Minister he overreacted to the Boston Tea Party and helped precipitate the American Revolution |
KING GEORGE III | last king to rule over the American colonies; reigned for 60 years, and during that reign he antagonized the colonies and lost them in the American Revolution |
GASPEE INCIDENT 1771 | one of the English chase ships was beached while looking for smugglers in Rhode Island; set on fire before a cheering crowd of 1,000 people. |
SOMERSET CASE 1771 | English trial that involved an escaped slaved and his master; the ex-slave was not deprived of his liberty |
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE 1772 | colonial radicals formed ________ in each town and colony to spread word of any new English agression |
TEA ACT 1773 | gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sold to America in an effort to bring the company out of bankruptcy; infuriated the colonists because the company could sell tea through its own agents at a price lower than that of a smuggled tea |
BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773 | Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Indians and boarded tea ships owned by the british East India Company; used hachets to cut the bags of tea and then threw them into the harbor |
INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774 | acts closed the port of Boston, sent troops and the British Navy to stop trade from Boston, and ended town meetings; Crown also took control of the government in Massachusetts |
QUEBEC ACT 1774 | gave French Canadians self-rule; supported Catholicism in Canada and gave colonial territory to Quebec |
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1774 | meeting of 12 colonies; asked King George III to repeal the Intolerable Acts and gave the order to gather munitions and form a militia |
SUFFOLK RESOLVES 1774 | members pledged not to obey the Intolerable Acts and was adopted by the Continental Congress |
GALLOWAY PLAN 1774 | proposed the formation of a colonial union under a royally appointed present-general and popularly elected council; this would be able to pass laws subject to the approval of the president-general and Parliament; plan was rejected |
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS AND GRIEVANCES | adopted by the first Continental Congress; promised obedience to the king but denied Parliament's right to the colonies |
CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATION | set up by the Continental Congress to prohibit the importation of English goods after December 1774 and export of American goods to England after September 1775 |
RESOLUTION ON CONCILIATION | proposed by Lord North, it promised any colony that would provide for its own government and defense virtual immunity from taxation; plan rejected by colonies |
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD 1775 | Redcoats were on a march to ______ to seize colonial armaments; 8 colonial soldiers (minutemen) died one Redcoat wounded; after leaving ________, Redcoats met with stiff resistance and lost 273 men |
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775 | 13 colonies came together in Philadelphia to raise money and create an army and a navy; most important action of the Congress was to select George Washington as the head of the colonial army |
OLIVE BRANCH PETITION 1775 | drafted by John Dickinson and was an attempt to keep the colonies within the English Empire; England rejected this offer |
BUNKER (BREEDS) HILL 1775 | two ____,in the town of Charlestown, Massachusetts; during the night, the colonial army reached the top of both ____ and entrenched themselves; after 3 british charges and many casualties, Breed's ____ fell into the hands of the British |
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1776 | document that formally cut the British-American tie; its list of grievances was directed at King George II; had universal appeal becuase of its focus on "natural rights" for all mankind |
RICHARD H. LEE | during the second Continental Congress, he stated that "These United Colonies are . . . free and independent states" |
THOMAS JEFFERSON | wrote the Declaration of Independence after Richard Lee's statement of free and independent states |
THOMAS PAINE (COMMON SENSE) 1776 | used passionate protest to persuade the masses into joining the patriot's cause; this publication called for separation from England and was written in a simple and understandable way |
LOYALISTS (TORIES) | people in America who supported King George III during the revolution; made up 1/4 of the population and were mainly from the aristocracy |
SARATOGA 1777 | British General Burgoyne marched from Canada to meet General Howe and General St. Legers; during a harsh winter, Burgoyne's men were surrounded by American militiamen; surrender was a turning point in the war because alliance with France soon followed |
FRENCH ALLIANCE 1778 | After the Battle of Saratoga, the ______ formed an _____ with America; _____ promised the colonists independence and supplies and gave the US commercial privileges in ______ ports; US promised to continue fighting until _____ was ready for peace |
GEORGE R CLARK | was able to turn the tide in the west in 1778 by capturing Kaskaskia and Vincennes |
CONWAY CABAL | major-general who said that Washington was incompetent; after being wounded in a duel with Washington, he apologized |
LEAGUE OF ARMED NEUTRALITY | referred to a union of Baltic countries in 1780 after England disturbed their shipping; always threatened war with England |
BENEDICT ARNOLD | one of the best colonial generals; in 1780, he turned traitor and plotted the surrender of West Point to the British for 6,300 pounds and an officer's commission |
JOHN P. JONES | considered the father of the U.S. Navy; was rear admiral of the Bonhomme Richard; he fought outnumbered against the English Serapis and won |
YORKTOWN 1781 | British plan to defeat the colonists consisted of conquering the colonies from the south to the north; Conwallis arrived at _______, the French blocked the waterways while Washington's men surrounded his troops; marked the end of English control |
ROBERT MORRIS | Superintendent of Finace in 181 and helped borrow money from Europe for the U.S. government to repay its loans |
ABIGAIL ADAMS | one of the shrewdest and most acerbic political commentators, but had no public role; wife of John _____ |
MERCY Q. WARREN | a nonpolitical poet before the Revolutionary War, but afterwards turned to political satire |
NEWBURGH CONSPIRACY 1783 | Robert Morris & Alexander Hamilton's attempt to obtain taxation authority for Treasury; convinced Continental's army officers in ______, New York to bluff mutiny unless they received a raise; George Washington stopped this by making an emotional plea |
TREATY OF PARIS 1783 | British recognized independence & granted land west of Mississippi & lands in Great Lakes region; received right to fish in Canadian waters if England could navigate the Mississippi; must restore confiscated property & help creditors collect their depts |
JOHN ADAMS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN JAY | American commissioners who negotiated the Treaty of Paris in 1783 |