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APUSH TT 2

Advanced Placement United States History Terms Test 2

QuestionAnswer
THE ENLIGHTENMENT a philosophical movement of the 18th century that was marked by a rejection of traditional, social, religious, and political ideas, and an emphasis on rationalism
JOHN LOCKE (SECOND TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT) an English philosopher whose treatise stated that "a government is created by the people for the people"
SALUTARY NEGLECT neglect by England of her colonies in America; colonists did not enforce Parliament's Acts and began to believe that Parliament had no authority over them
DISESTABLISHMENT breakdown of English rule over the American colonies
WRITS OF ASSISTANCE general search warrants used by English customs agents to hunt out smuggled goods
JAMES OTIS eloquent lawyer who protested the legality of the Writs of Assistance; hired by Bostom merchants in 1761 to protest the writs, but the court upheld parliament's right to issue the writs; wrote the famous words, "No taxation without representation"
GRENVILLE ACTS 1764-65 acts included the Stamp, Sugar, and Currency Acts; designed to control trade and raise revenue; great opposition to these acts in the colonies, and enforcement of these acts began a chain of events that led to the Revolutionary War
SUGAR ACT 1764 lowered the duty on molasses by half, levied tax on sugar, and forbade importation of rum; enforcement threatened the triangular trade
CURRENCY ACTS 1751, 1764 first forbade Massachusetts from printing currency, second forbade all colonies from issuing currency; drained specie from the colonies and made money scarce
STAMP ACT 1765 declared that all printed materials must have a revenue stamp; attempted to raise 1/3 of the defense cost in America, but aroused great opposition from the vocal group (lawyers and merchants) in the colonies
STAMP ACT CONGRESS 1765 27 delegates from 9 colonies drew up a statement protesting the unfairness of the Grenville Acts and sent it to King George III; one of the first united actions of the colonies
DECLARATORY ACT 1766 measure made virtual representation legal (allowed Parliament to make any laws for the colonies without representation of from the colonies); assertion of the right for parental authority in the colonies
TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767 acts placed a light duty on glass, white lead, paper and tea; indirect tax that was paid at American ports; salaries for royal governors and judges would be paid with the revenue raised
JOHN DICKINSON (LETTERS FROM A FARMER) 1767 said that external taxes were illegal unless their primary purpose was to regulate trade (rather than raise revenue)
PATRICK HENRY American statesman and orator who stated, "Give me liberty or give me death," to incite revolution; one of the young and energetic revolutionaries
SAMUEL ADAMS second cousin of John _______, a political agitator and a leader of the American Revolution; led the Boston Tea Party and attended the First Continental Congress for Massachusetts; signed the Declaration of Independence
SONS OF LIBERTY group of radicals that tarred, feathered, hanged, and ransacked the houses of unpopular officials and stamp agents; boycotted English goods
MASSACHUSETTS CIRCULAR LETTER 1770 drafted by the Massachusetts legislature, distributed among coastal merchants, and urged all colonies to support the Nonimportation Agreements; agreements supported John Dickinson's arguments against the Townshend Acts
BOSTON MASSACRE 1770 March 5, 1770, 60 townspeople came up to a squad of British troops; mob threw rocks at the troops and taunted them to fight; British troops opened fire and shot 11, killing 5 people; leader of the mob was a black man named Crispus Attucks, also killed
CAROLINA REGULATORS organization of frontiersmen from North _________ who protested high taxes and corrupt courts
BATTLE OF THE ALAMANCE 1771 regulator movement had great momentum when the 2,500 Regulators met an eastern English army of 1,300; the Regulators were dispersed, but this incident made North Carolina dependent on British authority
LORD FREDERICK NORTH Tory and a loyal supporter of King George III; while serving as Prime Minister he overreacted to the Boston Tea Party and helped precipitate the American Revolution
KING GEORGE III last king to rule over the American colonies; reigned for 60 years, and during that reign he antagonized the colonies and lost them in the American Revolution
GASPEE INCIDENT 1771 one of the English chase ships was beached while looking for smugglers in Rhode Island; set on fire before a cheering crowd of 1,000 people.
SOMERSET CASE 1771 English trial that involved an escaped slaved and his master; the ex-slave was not deprived of his liberty
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE 1772 colonial radicals formed ________ in each town and colony to spread word of any new English agression
TEA ACT 1773 gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sold to America in an effort to bring the company out of bankruptcy; infuriated the colonists because the company could sell tea through its own agents at a price lower than that of a smuggled tea
BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773 Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Indians and boarded tea ships owned by the british East India Company; used hachets to cut the bags of tea and then threw them into the harbor
INTOLERABLE (COERCIVE) ACTS 1774 acts closed the port of Boston, sent troops and the British Navy to stop trade from Boston, and ended town meetings; Crown also took control of the government in Massachusetts
QUEBEC ACT 1774 gave French Canadians self-rule; supported Catholicism in Canada and gave colonial territory to Quebec
FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1774 meeting of 12 colonies; asked King George III to repeal the Intolerable Acts and gave the order to gather munitions and form a militia
SUFFOLK RESOLVES 1774 members pledged not to obey the Intolerable Acts and was adopted by the Continental Congress
GALLOWAY PLAN 1774 proposed the formation of a colonial union under a royally appointed present-general and popularly elected council; this would be able to pass laws subject to the approval of the president-general and Parliament; plan was rejected
DECLARATION OF RIGHTS AND GRIEVANCES adopted by the first Continental Congress; promised obedience to the king but denied Parliament's right to the colonies
CONTINENTAL ASSOCIATION set up by the Continental Congress to prohibit the importation of English goods after December 1774 and export of American goods to England after September 1775
RESOLUTION ON CONCILIATION proposed by Lord North, it promised any colony that would provide for its own government and defense virtual immunity from taxation; plan rejected by colonies
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD 1775 Redcoats were on a march to ______ to seize colonial armaments; 8 colonial soldiers (minutemen) died one Redcoat wounded; after leaving ________, Redcoats met with stiff resistance and lost 273 men
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1775 13 colonies came together in Philadelphia to raise money and create an army and a navy; most important action of the Congress was to select George Washington as the head of the colonial army
OLIVE BRANCH PETITION 1775 drafted by John Dickinson and was an attempt to keep the colonies within the English Empire; England rejected this offer
BUNKER (BREEDS) HILL 1775 two ____,in the town of Charlestown, Massachusetts; during the night, the colonial army reached the top of both ____ and entrenched themselves; after 3 british charges and many casualties, Breed's ____ fell into the hands of the British
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 1776 document that formally cut the British-American tie; its list of grievances was directed at King George II; had universal appeal becuase of its focus on "natural rights" for all mankind
RICHARD H. LEE during the second Continental Congress, he stated that "These United Colonies are . . . free and independent states"
THOMAS JEFFERSON wrote the Declaration of Independence after Richard Lee's statement of free and independent states
THOMAS PAINE (COMMON SENSE) 1776 used passionate protest to persuade the masses into joining the patriot's cause; this publication called for separation from England and was written in a simple and understandable way
LOYALISTS (TORIES) people in America who supported King George III during the revolution; made up 1/4 of the population and were mainly from the aristocracy
SARATOGA 1777 British General Burgoyne marched from Canada to meet General Howe and General St. Legers; during a harsh winter, Burgoyne's men were surrounded by American militiamen; surrender was a turning point in the war because alliance with France soon followed
FRENCH ALLIANCE 1778 After the Battle of Saratoga, the ______ formed an _____ with America; _____ promised the colonists independence and supplies and gave the US commercial privileges in ______ ports; US promised to continue fighting until _____ was ready for peace
GEORGE R CLARK was able to turn the tide in the west in 1778 by capturing Kaskaskia and Vincennes
CONWAY CABAL major-general who said that Washington was incompetent; after being wounded in a duel with Washington, he apologized
LEAGUE OF ARMED NEUTRALITY referred to a union of Baltic countries in 1780 after England disturbed their shipping; always threatened war with England
BENEDICT ARNOLD one of the best colonial generals; in 1780, he turned traitor and plotted the surrender of West Point to the British for 6,300 pounds and an officer's commission
JOHN P. JONES considered the father of the U.S. Navy; was rear admiral of the Bonhomme Richard; he fought outnumbered against the English Serapis and won
YORKTOWN 1781 British plan to defeat the colonists consisted of conquering the colonies from the south to the north; Conwallis arrived at _______, the French blocked the waterways while Washington's men surrounded his troops; marked the end of English control
ROBERT MORRIS Superintendent of Finace in 181 and helped borrow money from Europe for the U.S. government to repay its loans
ABIGAIL ADAMS one of the shrewdest and most acerbic political commentators, but had no public role; wife of John _____
MERCY Q. WARREN a nonpolitical poet before the Revolutionary War, but afterwards turned to political satire
NEWBURGH CONSPIRACY 1783 Robert Morris & Alexander Hamilton's attempt to obtain taxation authority for Treasury; convinced Continental's army officers in ______, New York to bluff mutiny unless they received a raise; George Washington stopped this by making an emotional plea
TREATY OF PARIS 1783 British recognized independence & granted land west of Mississippi & lands in Great Lakes region; received right to fish in Canadian waters if England could navigate the Mississippi; must restore confiscated property & help creditors collect their depts
JOHN ADAMS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, JOHN JAY American commissioners who negotiated the Treaty of Paris in 1783
Created by: 1187876333
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