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US Glencoe 8 chpt. 1
Bellevue History Chapter 1 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marco Polo | European explorer who journeyed with his father to China and served Kublai Khan for 17 years. |
| technology | the use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. |
| astrolabe | instrument that measured the postition of the stars. |
| Four main countries who explored the new territory. | Portugal, Spain, France, and England |
| Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who reached the southern tip of Africa |
| Vasco da Gama | Portugues explorer who reached the rounded the Cape of Good Hope. |
| Christopher Columbus | In 1492 he sailed the ocean blue for Spain and landed in what is today the Bahamas |
| circumnavigate | to sail around the world |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His expedition was the first to sail around the world. |
| conquistador | Spanish explores in the Americas |
| Tenochititlan | capital of the Aztec Empire |
| Montzuma | Aztec emperor |
| Francisco Pizarro | Sailed into present day Peru and conquered the Inca Empire |
| Pueblos | town |
| Missions | religous communities |
| presidio | fort usually built near a mission |
| encomienda | the right to demand taxes or labor from Native Americans living on the land |
| Northwest Passage | a hoped for water route through the Americas |
| capitalism | an economic system in which money is invested in business to make profits |
| join-stock companies | organization that sold stock, or shares, in a venture |
| entrepreneurs | combined money,ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits |
| mercantilism | a nation became powerful by building up its supply of bullion, or gold and silver |
| colony | a settlement of people living in a new territory controlled by their home contry |
| Columbian Exchange | a global exchange of people, goods, technology,ideas, and even diseases |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | suggested replacing Native Americans with enslaved Africans to work the land in the New territory |
| "rule of law" | the law should apply to everyone equally and that all people should be treated the same |
| covenant | agreement between the Jews and their God |
| theology | the study of religion and God |
| Natural Law | Philosophy that states some laws are simply part of human nature and these laws do not have to be made by governments |
| Renaissance | period of intellectual and artistic reativity |
| Protestantism | a split in western Christianity |
| Martin Luther | a German monk who began a protestant movement |
| John Calvin | a French religious thinker who broke away from the Catholic Church |
| Puritains | protestants who wanted to break away from the remaining Catholic beliefs and rituals of the Anglican Church under Elizabeth I |
| Thomas Hobbes | argued that absolute monarchy was the best form of government |
| John Locke | stated that government was answerable to the people |
| social contract | agreement between rulers and the people they rule. |
| scientific method | an orderly way of collecting and analyzing evidence |
| Voltaire | opposed the government supporting on religion while forbidding others |
| Charles de Montesquieu | wrote a book called "Spirit of Laws" book stated England's government was the best because it had a separation of powers |
| Rousseau | claimed that supporters of the Enlightenment relied too much on reason and instead should pay more attention to their feelings |
| Magna Carta | limited royal power and protected nobles from unlawful loss of life, liberty, and property |
| English Bill of Rights | stated that the monarch could not tax people without Parliament's consent and many more freedoms |
| Parliament | a representative assembly that had made laws for England since the mid-1200s |
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