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Sociology Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Norms | Standards of behavior that are accepted in a society. |
| Technology | Tools and methods used to solve problems and enhance life. |
| Language | A system of communication used by a particular community. |
| Symbols | Objects or images that represent something else. |
| Fads / fashion | Trends that are popular for a short period. |
| Personal Achievement | Success through individual effort and competition. |
| Individualism | Belief in the importance of individual rights and independence. |
| Work | Discipline, dedication, and hard work for profit. |
| Morality | View of the world in terms of right and wrong. |
| Efficiency | Being practical and inventive. |
| Progress and material comfort | Belief that hard work and determination will lead to improvement. |
| Equality and democracy | Principle of human equality. |
| Freedom | Freedoms protected by the First Amendment. |
| Nationalism | A sense of pride that helps define American culture. |
| Group superiority | Belief that one group is more superior than others. |
| Education | The process of giving and receiving knowledge. |
| Religion | The spread of religious beliefs. |
| Love | Deep affection for someone. |
| Norms through sanctions | Using rewards or punishments to encourage conformity in society. |
| Six Sources of social change | Factors that influence changes in society. |
| Values and beliefs | Change in beliefs in a society through generations. |
| Technology (social change) | Advancements in technology that affect society. |
| Population | Change in the size of the population through generations. |
| Diffusion | Spreading cultural traits from one society to another. |
| Physical environment | Environmental conditions that change traits. |
| Wars and conquests | Destruction of property and building of new properties and generations of people. |
| Five types of social interaction | Different ways individuals interact with each other. |
| Exchange | Reward for an action. |
| Competition | Achieving a goal that only one can attain. |
| Conflict | Attempt to harm or disprove someone. |
| Cooperation | Working together to achieve a goal. |
| Accomodation | Balance between conflict and cooperation; compromises are made. |
| Five functions of relationships | Roles relationships play in our lives. |
| Entertainment | Builds memories. |
| Socialization | How we interact with each other. |
| Fulfillment of psychological needs | Two people flourish each other's minds. |
| Social status | How individuals are treated in a social hierarchy. |
| Security | Provides support for one another. |
| Six types of groups in our society | Different classifications of social groups. |
| Primary | A small group of people who interact over a long period of time on a direct and personal basis. |
| Secondary | A group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature. |
| In group | The group that a person belongs to and identifies with. |
| Out group | Any group that the person doesn't belong to. |
| Reference group | Any group with whom individuals identify and whose attitudes and values they adopt. |
| E-Community | People interact with each other over the internet. |
| Four factors that shape our personality development | Elements that influence personality growth. |
| Heredity | Characteristics that are present at birth. |
| Birth order | Personalities influenced by whether we have brothers, sisters, both, or neither. |
| Parental characteristics | Personality traits influenced by parents. |
| Cultural environment | Personalities found within a society. |
| Four agents of socialization | Key influences on social development. |
| Neighborhood | Local community that influences social interactions. |
| Day care | Early childhood education setting that influences development. |
| Jobs | Work environments that shape social skills. |
| Mass media | Channels of communication that influence society. |
| Five social functions of deviance | Roles that deviance plays in society. |
| Clarifying norms | Deviance serves to define the boundaries of acceptable behavior. |
| Unifying the group | Deviance serves to draw the line between conforming members of society and outsiders. |
| Diffusing tension | Deviance can be a response to social unhappiness. |
| Promoting social change | Deviance can help promote social change by highlighting problem areas. |
| Providing jobs | Deviance provides employment opportunities for various sectors. |
| Five types of conflict resolution | Methods for resolving disputes. |
| Persuasion | Explaining benefits to each party as a method of resolution. |
| Compromise | Finding a mutually acceptable resolution by recognizing shared interests. |
| Debate | Expressing points of view in a structured format. |
| Negotiation | Presenting arguments formally to reach a resolution. |
| Conformity | Encouraging all sides to give in on some points to balance needs. |
| Status | Socially defined position in a group or society. |
| Roles | Expectations of behavior associated with a status. |
| Embarrassment | Projection of a certain image that goes wrong. |
| Deliberate embarrassment | Embarrassment caused intentionally by someone. |
| Loss of confidence | Feeling insecure when group dynamics shift. |
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27cw1591
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