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IndustrialRevolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agrarian Society | Agricultural production for day-to-day survival. Everyone faces the same problem: producing enough food to survive. Malnutrition was common-diseased, took hold easily |
| Economy | The way a country manages its money and resources to make, buy, and sell things |
| Economics | The study of how people make and spend money by buying+selling goods and services |
| Rural | Countryside rather than the town. Synonym: Agricultural farming. Sentence: A village is rural. |
| Urban | Characteristic of a town or city. Synonym: Built-up. Sentence: Denver is urban. |
| Luddite | A person who protested against industrialization by destroying machines and factories. First protest in 1811. Many people supported their actions. The Luddites destroyed property but avoided violence against people |
| Immigrate | To settle in a country where you were not born. Synonym: Resettled. Sentence: Many people immigrated to the U.S. |
| Emigrate | To leave a place, such as a country of origin, to settle in another location. Sentence: Arnold S. emigrated from Austria. |
| Nativism | Strong anti-immigrant feeling. Examples of nativism are putting up signs around shops saying “No immigrants allowed” or laws being put up because of immigrants. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who inform the public about the negatives of businesses and corruption in a business. Muckrakers made people aware of this corruption in business, such as Upton Sinclair. Theodore Roosevelt created the term. |
| Reform (Labor Reform) | Make changes in something in order to improve it. Labor unions are an organization of workers fighting for those reforms, fighting for the better such as protecting jobs. Goals = Get better wages, working conditions, and shorter work days |
| Andrew Carnegie | Ownership/management of the industry steel |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Ownership/management of the industry railroads New York Central Captain of Industry - Charged lower prices for high quality for people. DID IT FOR THE PEOPLE NOT MONEY! |
| JP Morgan | Ownership/management of the industry Finance and Investment banker. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Ownership/management of the industry oil |
| Theodore Roosevelt | One of America’s greatest reformers Signed Food Drug Act 26th president of united states Got elected as vice president by McKinley then became president Hoped all Americans would get fair treatment + good chance for a good life |
| William Jennings Bryan | Western Farmers political candidate for presidency in 1896 - did not win |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker that wrote “The Jungle” - showed the disgusting practices of the meat packing industry. After the publication, the government: Passed laws requiring food inspection. Upton made people aware of the corruption and negatives in businesses. |
| Jacob Riis | Advocated for change for the poor people of New York City Arrived in the united states in 1870 when he was 20 years old Wanted to end the abuses that were common in homeless shelters Published: How The Other Half Lives |
| Booker T. Washington | Civil Rights Leader Believed to gain the respect, Africans (black) had to have an education to learn a skill/trade to gain that respect. |
| Cottage Industry | An early stage of economic development where workers produce a limited amount of goods in home-based businesses. Slow and inefficient process (took months to produce small amounts of goods). |
| Capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and on individual economic freedom. Creditor: Adam Smith. A capitalist economy (which leads to a market economy) was created by railroads in the U.S. |
| Socialism | Economic system where major industries and production are owned or regulated by the government. Creditor: Robert Owens |
| Communism | Economic system that creates a classless society in which everyone shares the benefits of labor and the states control all property and wealth. Creditor: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engals |
| Mercantilism | An economic system that aims to increase a country’s wealth and power by controlling trade and people. |
| Free market (market economy) | An economic system in which production and prices are determined by unrestricted competition between privately owned businesses. |
| Enclosure Movement | Act of lumping together small fields or farms into larger ones. The enclosure movement made farming more profitable for landowners because of the bigger harvests at lower costs. |
| Industrial Revolution | time in history use of machines to produce goods changed society and the economy from rural to urban. The demand for goods increased and there was an increase in production. Resources that were at the core of the Industrial Revolution were iron and coal. |
| Pros of Industrialization | pros- faster+easier production, people paying lower wages, less people needed at farms, and police forces being created. |
| Cons of Industrialization | factories, were dirty, noisy, and unsanitary, cities were polluted, diseases spread quicker. mass migration of people coming from rural to urban areas. Plenty of child labor in the factorie.D eaths and injuries and cramped slums/tenements. Poor people! |
| Slums/Tenements | Messy, unclean, and polluted - spread diseases. Old, poorly maintained, and crowded apartment building. However, the jobs were really close. |
| Natural Resources | Resources found in nature - ones humans cannot produce. Coal, iron, gold, silver, lumber, and oil are examples of natural resources. |
| Human Resources | The workers (personnel) of a business or organization. Teachers, nurses, and plumbers are examples of human resources. Immigrants became the United States’s main human resource! |
| Capital Resources | Goods produced and used to make other goods and services. Tools, buildings, and money to start new businesses are examples of capital resources. |
| Push and Pull Factors | Push factor: A reason why someone wants to leave their home country. Example= war. Push factors go with emigration. Pull Factor: A reason why someone wants to move to a new country. Example= more land. Pull factors go with immigration |
| Ellis Island vs Angel Island | Ellis Island: In New York, East Coast point of entry for immigrants coming from Europe. Angel Island: In California, West Coast point of entry for immigrants coming from Asia. |
| Gilded Age | (1870-1900) because people think there is all good in America with the invention of machines and railroads for example but underneath all that “gold” is bad things such as lots of child labor. |
| Robber Baron | An industrialist made wealthy through unethical means. Monopoly is based on a robber baron. |
| Captain of Industry | Industrialists made wealthy through ethical means. Cornelius Vanderbilt is considered a Captain of Industry. |
| Importance of Railroads to Industrialization | Began in 1830’s. Railroads contributed to the growth of an industrial society by an increase in demand for lumber, steel, and coal. Increase in industry = increase manufacturing goods = increase of number of jobs. This increased the number of businesses |
| Importance of Railroads to Industrialization (cont.) | Capitalist economy was created = market economy Led to the creation of Time Zones (helps businesses) |
| Political boss | A person who controls a faction or local branch of a political party. |
| Populist Party | A political party formed in 1891 by American farmers. Goal: end hard life as a farmer, like suffering from debt. Want: Money to be silver/gold .Relief from low prices got from their product, and from high prices they paid for railroads. |
| 13th Amendment | 1865 - ended slavery |
| 14th Amendment | 1868 - made all former slaves citizens of the U.S. and guaranteed them equal protection of the law and certain voting rights |
| 15th Amendment | 1870 - the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
| 19th Amendment | 1920 - Women gained the right to vote |
| Jim Crow Laws | Designed to keep African Americans from experiencing freedoms that were granted by the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. Kept races separated from each other - segregation Example: couldn’t ride in the same train car BAD LAWS! |
| Progressive Era | The time of political, economic, and social reform in America (1898-1917) |
Created by:
alivia12142012
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