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Political perception
Political Psychology Final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Balance Theory | that individuals strive for consistency and harmony in their beliefs, attitudes, and relationships |
| Reality/ Projection Group | attained balance by changing their perception of candidate's position from inaccurate to accurate |
| Rational policy evaluation group | attain balance by bring their attitude towards candidate into like with accurate policy perception |
| Persuasion group | attitude towards candidate and acuuarte perception of his stance shapes their issue position (change issue postion time T2) |
| Misperceived projection group | attain balance by changing perception of candidate's stand to an inaccurate one |
| Non-rational policy evaluation | their issue position and inaccurate perception of candidate shapes their attitude towards him |
| Misperceived Persuasion | those whose attitude and inaccurate perception shape their positions |
| Kelley and Mirer Decision-making "The Rule" | voters look at likes and dislikes equally and what ever candidate has net favorable vote for, equal on candidate follow party affiliation, no party affli means null decision |
| Bizer et. al., Memory vs. Online experiment | O designed to examine impression, read a seris of senetences about Marie, and form impression, ask each sen to say if likeable M design to examine sentence structure, read same sentenes but not told they would be asked any questions about impressions |
| RESULTS OF MEMORY V ONLINE | attitudes created through on-line processing were stronger than through memory-based online refers attitudes and beliefs in real-time as new info is encountered, running tally or "on-line tally". Memory retrieving infp long-term memory to form judgments |
| Assimilation behavior | Motivated to agree with candidates we like the tendency to perceive a message or position as being closer to one's own position than it actually is, especially when that message falls within one's latitude of acceptance |
| Contrast Behavior | Motivated not to agree with those we don’t the tendency for individuals to perceive a political candidate or issue as further away from their own position than it actually is. |
| Memory model shortcoming | Cognitive and evaluative constraints Black box models (they don't explain the internal workings, such as how information is processed, recalled, and integrated into a decision, according to Political Behavio) |
| 3 things that come to mind when a person is cued | Frequency and recency of prior use ii. Information-processing objectives iii. Effects of prior knowledge and expectations. |
| Implications for political judgment | People don’t just receive political information passively. Their expectations, existing opinions, and emotional reactions all shape how they interpret and remember what a candidate says—and whether they ultimately support them. |
| Concept formation | |
| Coding new information | People judge candidates based on what they already know, and only process new info if they haven’t already written the candidate off. Comparisons with opponents matter only when both are seen as viable choices. |
| Decision-making | choosing bw cand, ppl mostly go w their gut feelings first. They stop looking for more info once they feel confident. And the way they judge a candidate can depend on the order they learned about the candidates and how recently they got the information. |
| Frequency and recency of prior use | (accessibility of a concept in memory is determined by life goals, value and past experiences) |
| Information-processing objectives | (concepts activated by ones goal at the time info is recieved and purpose for ones use of info) |
| Effects of prior knowledge and expectations. | someone is likely to bring to bear on information is already acquired knowledge about the person or object to which the information pertains |
| contrast effects | aware that the concepts which come to mind when they receive information were activated for reasons that have nothing to do with this information. In such conditions, they consciously suppress the use of these concepts to avoid being biased |
| selective encoding | information is more likely to be encoded if the concepts necessary to interpret it come to mind easily than if they do not |
| Social judgement theory | ind perceive and react to pol messages depends on their pre beliefs willingness look different viewpoints and level of engagement with issue ppl have range of acceptable and unacceptable opi+ messages that fall outside zone of acceptance to be rejected, |
| Zaller and Feldman top of the head | decisions made based on most accessible info Make decisions by considering what comes to mind Not all stored information – can’t recall al |
Created by:
katelyn27
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