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H.H. S2
H.H. S2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nationalism | the idea that your country is better than others |
| settlement house | improve the lives of humans, predominantly poor, living in major urban areas (center in underprivileged areas that provides community service) |
| Social Gospel movement | focused on God’s teachings of charity and justice in an effort to make society better for all people |
| scientific management | Used to make the production of goods more economically efficient for both product and labor; AKA Taylorism; mass production is time efficient |
| backlash | strong reaction by a large number of people to social or political change |
| Social Darwinism | “scientific” theory; applies theory of evolution to people, races, and cultures; belief that Anglo-Saxon or Aryan (Nordic) cultures are superior |
| Eugenics | selection of desirable heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations |
| indigenous | native to a particular country |
| Imperialism | extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy and military force (possession of people in multiple territories that create resources to fight for/over, as well as possible soldiers) |
| racial consciousness | awareness of people being identified by race |
| bull market | stock prices consistently rose over a long period of time |
| bear market | slowing market gains |
| stock speculation | practice of making high-risk investments in hope of retaining (making) large profits |
| muckrakers | journalist who wrote articles, stories, or novels to dramatize the need for social reform |
| temperance | movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of intoxicating liquor |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| fascism | system of gov. Led by a dictator; uses force to suppress opponents/critics; emphasizes aggressive nationalism, xenophobia, racism |
| America First Committee | opposed WW2 involvement; didn’t want to aid allies |
| rationing | allow each person to only have a fixed amount of particular commodity |
| genocide | the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial, or religious group |
| antisemitism | hatred of Jews as a group or Jews as a concept |
| Kristallnacht | coordinated attacks by Nazis in Germany and Austria to kill Jews and destroy property “Night of Broken Glass” (1938) |
| Dawes Act | “An act to provide for the allotment of lands in severalty to Indians on various reservations” (1887) |
| Meat Inspection Act | inspection of meat before, during, & after slaughter (1906) |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | truth in labeling (1906) |
| War Powers Act | gave president Nixon full power to make any law during time of war |
| National Defense Act | gave money to the military to expand the size of the army (1916) |
| Selective Service Act | congress gave the president the power to activate a military draft in times of war to ensure that the military was appropriate for the need |
| Espionage Act | gave local and state postmaster the freedom to screen mail for newspapers, magazines, packages (if guilty = 20 years/10k) |
| Sedition Act | targeted speech that criticized the draft & war effort (language that was “disloyal” caused “contempt” |
| Alien Act | expel non-american born |
| Reichstag Fire Decree | police could arrest and imprison anyone without probable cause; suspended/restricted freedoms |
| Enabling Act | allowed Hitler to enact laws w/out approval of Parliament or President Paul Von Hindenburg (1933) |
| Non-Aggression Pact | Soviet Union & Germany agree to attack & share Poland (1939); now allies, Hitler wants to avoid 2-front war; AKA Molotov-Ribbentrop Compact |
| Neutrality Acts | act as safeguards to prevent U.S. from being dragged into another Euro-conflict; cash and carry policy; no traveling to Europe |
| Jane Addams | settlement for houses for poor; social work/won Nobel Prize; activist to improve conditions for the poor |
| Alice Paul | National Women’s Party; suffragists movement; gained support for the 19th amendment (no discrimination against voters based on sex) |
| William McKinley | "Moral Philosophy" - Christianize and civilize those who are not; American Imperialism = strong American economy (Progressive Era Pres.) |
| Theodore Roosevelt | "Square Deal" / trustbuster - regulated corporations / the Protector - Meat Inspection Act |
| William Howard Taft | "Dollar Diplomacy" / not successful b/c of political corruption led to party split; continued imperialism & trust busting; served all 3 branches |
| Woodrow Wilson | President during WWI |
| Warren G. Harding | Blocked gov. regulation of banks & investment firms 1920s; "Return to Normalcy" after WW1 - more "hands-off" gov. |
| Calvin Coolidge | Helped non-wealthy Americans; anti-lynching; Enacted Indian Citizenship Act 1924; rejected helping farmers; anti-union |
| Herbert Hoover | No reaction to the Great Depression; individualism; ordered the demolition of camps |
| Franklin Roosevelt | President during WW2 |
| Harry Truman | The president that made the decision to drop the bombs on Japan |
| Joseph Stalin | *Russian leader |
| Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader; antisemitism |
| Winston Churchill | Restore British colonies in Asia and the Pacific; former prime minister of the UK from 1874 to January 1965 |
| Jim Crow | legalized racial discrimination / segregation |
| Bonus Army | 1924 Congress voted to provide "Bonus" for WWI veterans; demands early payment |
| Fireside Chats | series of radio broadcasts made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the nation, beginning in 1933. |
| Zimmerman Note | military contract between the German Empire and Mexico if the United States entered World War I against Germany |
| Executive Order 9066 | Granted the military the power to ban American citizens of Japan ancestry from a 50-60 mile-wide coastal area from Washington state to California |
| "New Negro" | renewed cultural pride for African Americans during Harlem Renaissance |
| Office of War Info. | Mobilized advertising industry; Gain civilian support |
| War Bonds | a debt security issued by a government to finance military operations during times of war or conflict. |
| self-determination | Choosing political aspects without external influence |
| Dollar Diplomacy | Expand American investments abroad |
| Square Deal | Keep wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners & the poor |
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