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Test 3 Review
For HIST 2112
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cold War | A period of political tension and military rivalry between the U.S. and Soviet Union after WWII, without direct warfare. |
| Iron Curtain | Winston Churchill’s term for the division between Western democracies and Eastern communist countries. |
| Containment | U.S. policy aimed at stopping the spread of communism. |
| Truman Doctrine | U.S. promise to support nations resisting communism, beginning with aid to Greece and Turkey in 1947. |
| Korean War | 1950–1953 conflict where U.S.-led UN forces fought to stop North Korea (backed by China and USSR) from overtaking South Korea. |
| Berlin Airlift | 1948–1949 U.S. and British operation to supply West Berlin by air after the Soviets blocked access. |
| Marshall Plan | U.S. program providing economic aid to rebuild European economies after WWII to prevent communism. |
| Second Red Scare | Widespread fear of communist influence in the U.S. during the late 1940s and 1950s. |
| Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism) | Senator who led aggressive anti-communist investigations, often with unproven accusations. |
| Federal-Aid Highway Act | 1956 law creating the Interstate Highway System for defense and commerce. |
| GI Bill of Rights | 1944 law giving WWII veterans benefits like education, housing loans, and job training. |
| Suburbs | Residential areas outside cities that rapidly grew in the 1950s due to housing demand. |
| Levittown | Mass-produced suburban community symbolizing 1950s suburban growth. |
| Baby Boom | Post-WWII population explosion between 1946 and 1964. |
| Double "V" | Campaign for victory against fascism abroad and racism at home during WWII. |
| Brown V. BOE | 1954 Supreme Court decision declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional. |
| Emmitt Till | Black teenager lynched in Mississippi in 1955; his death became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement. |
| Direct Action Non-Violence (Nonviolent Civil Disobedience) | Peaceful protests and refusal to obey unjust laws, used by Civil Rights activists. |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | 1955–1956 protest against segregated buses sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest. |
| Dien Bien Phu | 1954 battle where Vietnamese forces defeated the French, leading to U.S. involvement in Vietnam. |
| Falling Domino Theory | Belief that if one country fell to communism, neighboring ones would follow. |
| Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) | Civil rights group formed by students promoting grassroots activism. |
| Freedom Riders | Activists who rode buses into the segregated South to test desegregation of interstate travel. |
| Freedom Summer | 1964 voter registration drive in Mississippi aimed at increasing Black political participation. |
| Black Power Movement | Emphasized racial pride, self-sufficiency, and equality by any means, sometimes including force. |
| Great Society | Lyndon B. Johnson’s domestic agenda to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. |
| War on Poverty | LBJ programs like Head Start and Medicare aimed at reducing poverty. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Outlawed segregation and discrimination in public places and employment. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Banned literacy tests and other obstacles to Black voting rights. |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | Gave LBJ authority to use military force in Vietnam without declaring war. |
| Tet Offensive | Major 1968 Viet Cong attack that turned U.S. public opinion against the Vietnam War. |
| Silent Majority | Term used by Nixon to describe Americans who supported his policies but didn’t protest. |
| New Left | Youth movement of the 1960s advocating for civil rights, anti-war activism, and political reform. |
| Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | Key New Left group promoting participatory democracy and anti-war protests. |
| Hippies/Counterculture | Youth movement rejecting traditional norms, promoting peace, love, and alternative lifestyles. |
| The Feminine Mystique | 1963 book by Betty Friedan criticizing the limited roles of women and sparking second-wave feminism. |
| Stonewall Riots | 1969 LGBTQ+ uprising in NYC that marked the start of the modern gay rights movement. |
| Southern Strategy | Nixon’s plan to win Southern votes by appealing to conservative white voters resistant to civil rights changes. |
| Kent State | 1970 National Guard shooting of anti-war protesters at Kent State University, killing four students. |
| Détente | Easing of Cold War tensions during the 1970s, especially with the USSR and China. |
| Watergate | Scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic headquarters that led to Nixon’s resignation. |
| New Right | Conservative political movement focused on limited government, free markets, and traditional values. |
| Reaganomics | Ronald Reagan’s economic policy emphasizing tax cuts, deregulation, and reduced government spending. |
| Operation Desert Storm | 1991 U.S.-led coalition military campaign to expel Iraqi forces from Kuwait. |
Created by:
Thebestb
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