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AP gov
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The “Advice and Consent” Power | refers to the Senate's authority to review and approve presidential appointments, such as federal judges, and treaties. |
| ad hoc structure | refers to a temporary organizational arrangement set up to address specific issues or tasks without permanent authority. |
| Article III | U.S. Constitution creates the judicial branch |
| US v Lopez | the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause by regulating the possession of guns in school zones, marking a limit to federal power. |
| Article II | establishes the executive branch |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | established the federal court system, including the Supreme Court, lower courts, and the procedures for appointing judges. |
| McDonald v Chicago | the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to keep and bear arms applies to state and local governments, not just the federal government |
| confederal system | form of government where the central government derives its authority from the states or regions, rather than having direct power over the citizens |
| Bargaining and persuasion | are strategies used by politicians to negotiate and influence others in order to achieve political goals or pass legislation |
| Enumerated powers | are the specific powers granted to the federal government by the Constitution, such as the power to tax and regulate commerce |
| Budget and Impoundment Act | limits the president's power to withhold funds appropriated by Congress, ensuring a more active role for the legislature in budgeting |
| Baker v Carr | the Supreme Court ruled that redistricting issues could be addressed by the courts, establishing the principle of “one person, one vote |
| bully pulpit | refers to the president's use of their position to influence public opinion and persuade others to support policies |
| Appellate jurisdiction | refers to the authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | the Supreme Court ruled that the right to an attorney is guaranteed to all defendants in criminal cases under the Sixth Amendment. |
| Pluralist democracy | suggests that democracy is best practiced when diverse interest groups compete to influence government policy, ensuring that no single group dominates |
| Schenk v US | the Supreme Court upheld limitations on free speech when it presents a clear and present danger to national security. |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | The compromise that counted three out of every five slaves for both taxation and representation in Congress |
| Powers that are not specifically given to the federal government or denied to the states are known as | reserved powers |
| A communication structure in an organization where information flows in a circular, rather than a hierarchical, pattern is called a | circular structure |
| The principle that a government cannot be sued without its consent is referred to as | sovereign immunity |
| New York Times v US | Supreme Court ruled that the government could not block the publication of classified information unless it posed an immediate threat to national security |
| Clinton v. NY | the Supreme Court ruled that the president’s ability to unilaterally cancel specific provisions of a law violated the Constitution |
| Tinker v Des Moines | the Supreme Court ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they enter a public school, as long as it does not disrupt the educational process |
| The agreement at the Constitutional Convention that permitted the continuation of the slave trade until 1808 is called the | Compromise on Importation |
| Tenth Amendment | reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people |
| When a legislator acts based on the wishes of the PEOPLE who elected them, they are said to be following the | delegate role |
| Engel v Vitale | the Supreme Court ruled that state-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment |
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