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USII - Unit 10
The New Deal
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Thirty-second president of the United States; he was elected president four times. He led the United States during the major crises of the Great Depression and World War II. |
| New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt’s program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | a law enacted in 1933 to raise crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unplanted, thus lowering production. |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | an agency, established as part of the New Deal, that put young unemployed men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in erosion-control and flood-control projects. |
| Deficit Spending | a government’s spending of more money than it receives in revenue. |
| Huey Long | Louisiana politician and senator; he criticized the New Deal and set up the Share Our Wealth Society. He wanted to tax wealthy Americans and give more money to poor Americans. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | Wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, social reformer, writer, and diplomat; she supported equal rights for women and African Americans. She served as the first U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. |
| Works Progress Administration | an agency, established as part of the Second New Deal, that provided the unemployed with jobs in construction, garment making, teaching, the arts, and other fields. |
| National Youth Administration | an agency that provided young Americans with aid and employment during the Great Depression. |
| Frances Perkins | First American woman to head an executive or cabinet department; she served as secretary of labor in Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration. She played an important role in shaping New Deal jobs programs and labor policy. |
| Mary Bethune | African American leader and advocate; she served as Director of Negro Affairs in the National Youth Administration and led the Black Cabinet of unofficial African American advisors to Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
| John Collier | American politician and advocate for Native Americans’ rights; he served as Commissioner for the Bureau of Indian Affairs in President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration. |
| New Deal Coalition | an alliance of diverse groups—including southern whites, African Americans, and unionized workers—who supported the policies of the Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s. |
| Congress of Industrial Organizations | a labor organization composed of industrial unions founded in 1938, it merged with the AFL in 1955. |
| Gone With the Wind | a 1939 movie dealing with the life of southern plantation owners during the Civil War—one of the most popular films of all time. |
| Orson Welles | American actor writer, director, and producer; he worked in theater, radio, and film. He directed the acclaimed film Citizen Kane and a 1938 radio presentation of The War of the Worlds that convinced listeners the nation was under attack by aliens. |
| Richard Wright | African American writer; his novel Native Son tells of a young man's struggles against racism in society. |
| Zora Hurston | African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance; much of her work celebrated simple folkways and traditional values of people who had survived slavery. |
| The Grapes of Wrath | a novel by John Steinbeck, published in 1939, that deals with a family of Oklahomans who leave the Dust Bowl for California. |
| Security and Exchange Commission | an agency, created in 1934, that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation | an agency created in 1933 to insure individuals’ bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures. |
| National Labor Relations Board | an agency created in 1935 to prevent unfair labor practices and to mediate disputes between workers and management. |
| Parity | a government-supported level for the prices of agricultural products, intended to keep farmers’ incomes steady. |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | a federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods. |
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