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A HTG 100 Vocabulary

American Heritage Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Sovereignty Ultimate political power, having the final say.
Human Predicament The cycle from tyranny to anarchy, to which soverign power and its ill effects give rise.
Despot A ruler exercising absolute power.
Revolution A means of removing tyranny from power; part of the human predicament cycle.
Tyranny Absolute power centralized in one person (or small group); part of the human predicament cycle.
Anarchy No one person (or group) maintains absolute power. Characterized by mass disorder caused by failure to agree on a common course of action; part of the human predicament cycle.
Competing Groups Groups that, in a state of anarchy, fight for supreme power and control; part of the human predicament cycle.
Good Society Reasonably stable and prosperous society without an oppressive tyranny. Usually includes peace, respect, vibrant culture, and personal freedom to live the way one chooses.
Plato Greek philosopher and author of The Republic
Political legitimacy Ruling by a sanction higher than stark necessity; sanction may stem from divine right, wisdom, or consent, etc.
Divine right of kings Political theory that royal lines are established by God and that kings rule by divine decree.
Theocracy Divinely inspired rule, or rule by religion.
Aritocracy Rule based on distinguished or wise ancestors and heritage.
Greek Freedom The privilege of taking part in the political process and observing society’s rules.
Human Nature The fundamental disposition of humans that determines their behavior.
European Enlightenment 18th century philosophical movement that proposed individual self-interest, rather than Greek virtue or Christian humility, as the motivating factor in human behavior.
Autocracy One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people as children in need of carefully controlled environment provided by government.
Classical Republicanism One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people (and government) as mostly good but corruptible and so government should have restricted power and try to encourage a good moral climate.
Libertarianism One of the four alternative forms of government; sees the most important value as individual freedom and holds that government should only protect that freedom and nothing more.
Liberalism One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people in the most favorable light, but institutions or other influences can corrupt them, so government is necessary to protect them from such corruption.
Structure Rules and restrictions designed to better harness virtue.
Social Compact The social concept of a group of autonomous individuals living in a state of nature, making a common agreement about the sort of political world they want to live in.
State of Nature Hypothetical condition assumed to exist in the absence of government where human beings live in “complete” freedom and general equality.
Created by: jaredririe
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