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A HTG 100 Vocabulary
American Heritage Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sovereignty | Ultimate political power, having the final say. |
| Human Predicament | The cycle from tyranny to anarchy, to which soverign power and its ill effects give rise. |
| Despot | A ruler exercising absolute power. |
| Revolution | A means of removing tyranny from power; part of the human predicament cycle. |
| Tyranny | Absolute power centralized in one person (or small group); part of the human predicament cycle. |
| Anarchy | No one person (or group) maintains absolute power. Characterized by mass disorder caused by failure to agree on a common course of action; part of the human predicament cycle. |
| Competing Groups | Groups that, in a state of anarchy, fight for supreme power and control; part of the human predicament cycle. |
| Good Society | Reasonably stable and prosperous society without an oppressive tyranny. Usually includes peace, respect, vibrant culture, and personal freedom to live the way one chooses. |
| Plato | Greek philosopher and author of The Republic |
| Political legitimacy | Ruling by a sanction higher than stark necessity; sanction may stem from divine right, wisdom, or consent, etc. |
| Divine right of kings | Political theory that royal lines are established by God and that kings rule by divine decree. |
| Theocracy | Divinely inspired rule, or rule by religion. |
| Aritocracy | Rule based on distinguished or wise ancestors and heritage. |
| Greek Freedom | The privilege of taking part in the political process and observing society’s rules. |
| Human Nature | The fundamental disposition of humans that determines their behavior. |
| European Enlightenment | 18th century philosophical movement that proposed individual self-interest, rather than Greek virtue or Christian humility, as the motivating factor in human behavior. |
| Autocracy | One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people as children in need of carefully controlled environment provided by government. |
| Classical Republicanism | One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people (and government) as mostly good but corruptible and so government should have restricted power and try to encourage a good moral climate. |
| Libertarianism | One of the four alternative forms of government; sees the most important value as individual freedom and holds that government should only protect that freedom and nothing more. |
| Liberalism | One of the four alternative forms of government; sees people in the most favorable light, but institutions or other influences can corrupt them, so government is necessary to protect them from such corruption. |
| Structure | Rules and restrictions designed to better harness virtue. |
| Social Compact | The social concept of a group of autonomous individuals living in a state of nature, making a common agreement about the sort of political world they want to live in. |
| State of Nature | Hypothetical condition assumed to exist in the absence of government where human beings live in “complete” freedom and general equality. |
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jaredririe
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