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CCMA M9: EKG&Cardio

CCMA Module 9: EKG Terminology & Abnormal Rhythms

P wave Atrial depolarization
QRS wave Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
T wave Ventricular repolarization
U wave Repolarization of the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers
PR interval Beginning of P wave to beginning of Q wave OR Beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization.
QT interval Beginning of Q wave to beginning of T wave OR Beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization
ST interval End of S wave to beginning of T wave End of ventricular depolarization to beginning of ventricular repolarization
Atrial/Ventricular Depolarization Contraction
Atrial/Ventricular Repolarization Relaxation
One large square represents what on an EKG? Distance: 5mm Time: 0.2 s or 200 ms
One small square represents what on an EKG? Distance: 1 mm Time: 0.04 s or 40 ms
What does the horizontal axis represent on an EKG? Time
What does the vertical axis represent on an EKG? Amplitude
Sinus dysrhythmia Slight irregularity in QRS complexes with otherwise normal EKG. Sinoatrial (SA) node fires too quickly or too slowly.
Sinus bradycardia Slow heart rate; lower than 60 bpm.
Sinus tachycardia Fast heart rate; faster than 100 bpm.
Sinus arrest A break in a normal EKG. SA node failed to fire. Serious if patient experiences SOB, fainting, chest pain or longer than 6 secs.
Atrial flutter Atria are contracting at a rapid rate, much faster than the ventricular are responding, multiple flutter waves for each QRS complex.
Atrial fibrillation Rapid, disorganized firing of multiple sites within atrial tissue; increased risk of developing blood clots.
Premature atrial contractions (PACs) Atria are triggered to contract earlier than they should; more than 6 per minute is considered abnormal.
Ventricular fibrillation Ventricles twitch but are not pumping blood to the body; no pulse found.
Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) QRS complex is wide and bizarre; sometimes not significant but the provider should be notified.
Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) Regular, fast rhythm with large irregular QRS complexes.
Asystole fibrillation If the heart stops, the patient has no rhythm noted and the EKG will demonstrate systole.
Somatic tremor Abnormal spikes; related to muscle movement.
AC interference (60-cycle interference) Regular spikes due to poor grounding or external electrical activity interfering with the tracing.
Wandering baseline Movement due to breathing or poor electrode connection.
Interrupted baseline Break in tracing due to disconnected or broken lead wire.
How fast should the EKG run? 25 mm/sec
What is the normal amplitude of an EKG 10 mm or 1 mv
Created by: Tea Lad
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