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Computer Hardware
Hardware Components, Storage, IPOS Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is hardware in a computer system? | The physical parts of the computer. Example: Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, Printer. |
| What is software in a computer system? | A collection of instructions and data that tell a computer how to work. Examples: Excel, Internet Browser. |
| What does software do to hardware? | Activates and controls the physical components. |
| What is the CPU? | The part of the computer that controls the interpretation and execution of instructions. It comprises of the Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). |
| What are the two main functions of the CPU? | Fetch program instructions from memory and execute them. |
| What does the Memory Unit do? | Stores data, instructions, and information (RAM & ROM). |
| What does the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) do? | Performs mathematical and logic operations. |
| What does the Control Unit (CU) do? | Directs the operations of the CPU. |
| What is primary memory? | Memory that holds data and instructions currently being used. |
| What are the two main types of primary storage? | RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory). |
| What are types of ROM? | PROM, EPROM, EEPROM. |
| What are types of RAM? | Dynamic RAM and Static RAM. |
| Is ROM volatile or non-volatile? | ROM is non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when the computer is turned off. |
| Is RAM volatile or non-volatile? | RAM is volatile, meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off. |
| Which has a smaller capacity, ROM or RAM? | ROM usually has a smaller capacity than RAM. |
| Which is faster and more expensive, ROM or RAM? | RAM is faster and more expensive than ROM. |
| Is ROM permanent or temporary storage? | ROM is permanent storage. |
| Is RAM permanent or temporary storage? | RAM is temporary storage. |
| When is ROM available for use? | ROM is available every time the computer starts up (boots). |
| What happens to the data in RAM when the computer is turned off? | The data is lost when the computer is turned off. |
| What is a port? | A physical docking point for connecting external devices to a computer. |
| What is a common type of cable used with ports? | USB cable. |
| What devices can be connected using a port? | Input, output, and storage devices. |
| How does secondary storage connect to a computer? | Secondary storage connects to a computer’s motherboard internally or externally. |
| What is secondary storage used for? | It stores software and user files like text, audio, images, and videos permanently. |
| What happens to data in secondary storage when power is off? | The data is retained permanently. |
| Name three types of secondary storage technology. | Magnetic technology, flash memory, and optical discs. |
| What is a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)? | A device using magnetic disks to store data permanently. |
| Where are HDDs commonly used? | In laptops, desktops, and other computers. |
| How does an HDD transfer data? | Using a read/write head on a moving arm. |
| What is a Magnetic Tape? | A plastic strip coated with magnetic material, used for data storage. |
| What is magnetic tape used for? | For storing large amounts of data, mainly for backups. |
| How is magnetic tape accessed? | Through a tape drive. |
| What is a key advantage of magnetic tape? | It’s cost-effective for storing huge data (terabytes). |
| What is flash memory? | A portable storage type that keeps data even without power. |
| List benefits of flash memory. | High capacity, durability, fast transfer, low cost, portability. |
| What is a memory card used in? | Cameras, smartphones, tablets, vehicle recorders, spy cams. |
| What sizes do memory cards come in? | SD, miniSD, and microSD. |
| What does a memory card allow? | Reading and writing data with high-speed access. |
| What is a Solid State Drive (SSD)? | A fast storage device that uses flash memory. |
| What is the capacity range of SSDs? | From tens of gigabytes to terabytes. |
| What are SSDs commonly used in? | Laptops, desktops, and by professionals needing fast access. |
| What is a USB flash drive? | A small, portable device for file storage and transfer. |
| What is a USB flash drive used for? | Distributing educational, technical, and promotional materials Storing files in home entertainment systems. |
| What is a CD ROM/RW? | CD-ROM/RW is a digital optical disc storage format introduced in 1982. |
| How do CD drives read/write data? | Using a fine laser light on the disc surface. |
| What does CD-ROM/RW stand for? | Compact Disc Read-Only Memory / Re-Writable. |
| How much data can a CD hold? | About 700 MB. |
| What’s the difference between CD-R and CD-RW? | CD-R can be written to once; CD-RW allows multiple rewrites. |
| What are CDs used for? | Backup, data storage, games, software, music distribution. |
| What is DVD-ROM/RW? | Digital optical discs introduced 1995. |
| What’s the difference between DVD-R and DVD-RW? | DVD-R is recordable once; DVD-RW can be rewritten. |
| How do DVD-ROM/RW read/write data? | It is read using a DVD drive. |
| How much data can a DVD hold? | Has a capacity of 4.7 GB. |
| What are DVDs used for? | Storing digital data, video playback, and distributing games and software. |
| What is a Blu-ray Disc? | Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc storage format introduced in 2006 |
| How is a Blu-ray read/write data? | Using a Blu-ray drive. |
| How much data can a Blu-ray hold? | 25GB (single-layer) and 50GB (dual-layer). |
| What are Blu-rays used for? | Storing HD and 4K videos. |
| How is data stored and transferred in a computer? | Data is stored and transferred as digital data using the binary values ‘0’ and ‘1’. |
| What is a bit? | A bit is a binary digit that can have a value of either 0 or 1. |
| How many bits are in a byte? | There are 8 bits in a byte. |
| Why are storage units larger than a byte needed? | Because large volumes of data are created, transmitted, and stored, making larger storage units necessary. |
| What is IPOS? | IPOS is an interrelationship of the major hardware components of any computer system. |
| What is the purpose of the IPOS cycle? | Describes how a computer works through input, processing, output, and storage. |
| What happens during the input stage? | Data is received for processing. Examples: Keyboard, Sensors |
| What happens during the processing stage? | Data is transformed into useful information. Example: Microprocessor |
| What happens during the output stage? | Information is presented in human-readable form. Examples: Visual display unit, Speakers |
| What happens during the storage stage? | Data is held until deleted or overwritten. Examples: Hard drive, USB flash drive |
| What are the steps in IPOS? | Input some data Process that data into useful information Output the resulting information in a way useful to humans Store the information for future use |
| What is data? | Data is raw, unprocessed facts. |
| What is information? | Information is useful, meaningful knowledge created from raw data. |
| What is processing? | Processing is performing a series of instructions in order to convert data into useful information. |
| What is a program? | A program is a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret or execute. |
Created by:
Attasha
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